Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Polyamines Biosynthesis and Metabolism
3. Polyamine-Induced Metal/Metalloids Tolerance in Plants
4. Polyamine-Induced Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Metal/Metalloid(S) Toxicity
5. Polyamine-Induced Metal/Metalloid(s) Chelation and Phytoremediation in Plants
6. Interaction of Polyamines with other Molecules in Conferring Metal/Metalloids Tolerance in Plants
6.1. Nitric Oxide and Polyamines Cross-talk and the Reversal of Metal Phytotoxicity
6.2. Reactive Oxygen Species and Polyamines Interaction and the Reversal of Metal Phytotoxicity
6.3. Interaction of Polyamines with GABA and Pro Conferring Metal/Metalloid(s) Stress
6.4. Interaction of Plant Hormones and Other Hormone-Like Protective Molecules with Polyamines
6.5. Polyamine Interacts with Ion Channels Modulate Metal/Metalloid(S) Stress Tolerance
7. Omics Approaches to Improve Polyamines Actions towards Metals/Metalloid(s) Action
7.1. Transcriptomics
7.2. Proteomics
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AAO | Ascorbic acid oxidase |
ACC synthase | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid synthase |
ACS | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid synthase |
ACC | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid |
ABAL | 4-aminobutanal |
ABA | Abscisic acid |
ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
AIH | Agmatin iminohydrolase |
ADC | Arginine decarboxylase |
APX | Ascorbate peroxidase |
AsA | Ascorbate |
AUX | Auxins |
BAC | Biological accumulation coefficient |
BCF | Biological concentration factor |
Br | Brassinosteroids |
CAT | Catalase |
CW-PAO | Cell wall-PAO |
CK | Cytokinins |
dcSAM | Decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine |
DHAR | Dehydroascorbate reductase |
DAO | Diamine oxidase |
EL | Electrolyte leakage |
EBL | Epibrassinolide |
ET | Ethylene |
GA | Gibberellins |
GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
GPX | Glutathione peroxidase |
GR | Glutathione reductase |
GST | Glutathione S-transferase |
GSH | Glutathione |
GB | Glycine betaine |
Gly I | Glyoxalase I |
Gly II | Glyoxalase II |
IAA | Indole acetic acid |
JA | Jasmonic acids |
LOX | Lipoxygenase |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
MSI | Membrane stability index |
MTs | Metallothioneins |
MG | Methylglyoxal |
MAPKs | Mitogen-activated protein kinases |
MDHAR | Monodehydroascorbate reductase |
CPA | N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase |
NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NR | Nitrate reductase |
NOS | NO synthase |
OTC | Ornithine transcarbamoylase |
δ-OAT | Ornithine δ-aminotransferase |
ODC | Ortinine decarboxylase |
PC | Phytochelatins |
PAs | Polyamines |
PPO | Polyphenol oxidase |
Pro | Proline |
Put | Putrescine |
PDH | Pyrroline dehydrogenase |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
RWC | Relative water content |
SAMDC | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase |
SAM | S-adenosylmethionine |
SA | Salicylic acid |
SNP | Sodium nitroprusside |
SPDS | Spermidine synthase |
Spd | Spermidine |
SPMS | Spermine synthase |
Spm | Spermine |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
TBARS | Thiobarbituric acid |
TF | Translocation factor |
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Plant Species | Metal(s) Exposed | Changes in Endogenous PAs Level | Exogenous PAs Used | Tolerance | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Triticum aestivum L. | 1 mM CdCl2 for 5–15 d | - | 0.1 mM Put, Spd or Spm pretreatment for 5 and 10 d |
| Benavides et al. [5] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM Cd as CdCl2 | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, and 1 mM Put as seed priming or as a foliar spray at 20, 40, and 60 DAS |
| Taie et al. [12] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM as PbCl2 for 45 d | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, and 1 mM Put as seed priming or as a foliar spray at 20, 40, and 60 DAS |
| Taie et al. [12] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM CdCl2 for 58 d | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, or 1.0 mM put as seed priming and later foliar spraying |
| Rady et al. [28] |
T. aestivum | 1 mM CuCl2 for 5–15 d | - | 0.1 mM Put, Spd, or Spm pretreatment for 5 and 10 d |
| Benavides et al. [5] |
T. aestivum | 1 mM Cd as CdCl2 | Increased PAs content | 2 mM Spd or 2 mM Spm as a seed treatment for 6 h |
| Rady and Hemida [11] |
T. aestivum | 30 µM AlCl3 | Increased Spd | Put, 2 mM |
| Yu et al. [29] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM Cd | Increased Spm and Spd content | - |
| Howladar et al. [30] |
T. aestivum | 2.0 mM Pb2+ | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put as seed treatment |
| Rady et al. [31] |
Helianthus annuus L. | 1 mM CdCl2 for 5–15 d | Increased Put, Spd, and Spm content | 0.1 mM Put, Spd, or Spm pretreatment for 5 and 10 d |
| Benavides et al. [5] |
H. annuus | 1 mM CuCl2 for 5–15 d | Increased Put, Spd, and Spm content | 0.1 mM Put, Spd, or Spm pretreatment for 5 and 10 d |
| Benavides et al. [5] |
Vigna radiata L. | 1.5 mM CdCl2 | Increased Spd and Spm content with decrease the Put/PAs ratio | Put, 0.2 mM |
| Nahar et al. [1] |
V. radiata | Zn, 200 mg kg−1 soil as ZnSO4·7H2O | - | 1.0 mM Spd, foliar application |
| Mir et al. [32] |
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck | 100 µM of Cu as Cu(NO3)2·3H2O | - | 100 μM Spd |
| Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al. [33] |
C. vulgaris | 100 µM Cd, as Cd(NO3)2·4H2O | - | 100 μM Spd |
| Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al. [33] |
C. vulgaris | 100 µM of Pb Pb(NO3)2 | - | 100 μM Spd |
| Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al. [33] |
Raphanus sativus L. | 1.2 mM Cr as (K2CrO4) | Increased Put and Spd content | 1 mM Spd as cotreatment |
| Choudhary et al. [34] |
Poncirus trifoliata L. | 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 mM Cr as K2Cr2O7 | Increased PAs content | - |
| Shahid et al. [27] |
Citrus reshni L. | 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 mM Cr as K2Cr2O7 | Increased PAs content | - |
| Shahid et al. [27] |
C. limonia Osbeck (CL) | 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 mM Cr as K2Cr2O7 | Increased PAs content | - |
| Shahid et al. [27] |
Salix matsudana Koidz. | 0.05 and 0.10 mM Cd | Increased endogenous Spd and Put contents | 0.25 mM Spd as cotreatment for 3 d |
| Tang et al. [35] |
Potamogeton crispus L. | 30, 50, 70 µM Cd as CdCl2 | Increased Put, PS Put, and PIS Put content | - |
| Yang et al. [36] |
Crop Species | Metal Exposure | Changes in Endogenous PAs Level | Exogenous PAs Applications | Antioxidant Defense System | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Triticum aestivum L. | 2 mM Cd as CdCl2 and 2 mM as PbCl2 for 45 d | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, and 1 mM Put as seed priming or as a foliar spray at 20, 40, and 60 DAS |
| Taie et al. [12] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM as PbCl2 for 45 d | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, and 1 mM Put as seed priming or as a foliar spray at 20, 40 and 60 DAS |
| Taie et al. [12] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM CdCl2 for 58 d | - | 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, 1.0 mM Put as seed priming and later foliar spraying |
| Rady et al. [28] |
T. aestivum | 30 µM AlCl3 | Increased Spd | Put, 2 mM as cotreatment |
| Yu et al. [29] |
T. aestivum | 2 mM Cd | Increased endogenous Spm and Spd upon Cd exposure | - |
| Howladar et al. [30] |
T. aestivum | 1 mM Cd as CdCl2 | Increased PAs content by pretreated seedlings under stress affection | 2 mM Spd or 2 mM Spm as a seed treatment for 6 h |
| Rady and Hemida [11] |
T. aestivum | 0.5 mM Cd as CdCl2 | Increased PAs content such as Put, Spd, and Spm | 0.5 and 1.0 mM Spm |
| Groppa et al. [37] |
T. aestivum | 0.5 mM Cu as CuCl2 | - | 0.5 and 1.0 mM Spm |
| Groppa et al. [37] |
Oryza sativa L. | 5 mM CdCl2 | - | 5 mM Put, 5 mM Spd, and 5 mM Spm |
| Hsu and Kao [38] |
Vigna radiata | 1.5 mMCdCl2 | Increased Spd and Spd content with decrease the Put/PAs ratio | Put, 0.2 mM, as pretreatment for 24 h |
| Nahar et al. [1] |
V. radiata | 200 mg kg−1 soil as ZnSO4·7H2O | - | 1.0 mM Spd, foliar application |
| Mir et al. [32] |
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck | 100 µM of Cd as Cd(NO3)2·4H2O | - | 100 μM Spd |
| Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al. [33] |
C. vulgaris | 100 µM Pb as, Pb(NO3)2 | - | 100 μM Spd |
| Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al. [33] |
C. vulgaris | 100 µM Cu as Cu(NO3)2·3H2O | - | 100 μM Spd |
| Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al. [33] |
Raphanus sativus | 1.2 mM Cr as (K2CrO4) | Increased Put and Spd content | 1 mM Spd as cotreatment |
| Choudhary et al. [34] |
Salix matsudana Koidz. | 0.05 and 0.10 mM Cd | Increased endogenous Spd and Put contents | 0.25 mM Spd as cotreatment for 3 d |
| Tang et al. [35] |
Helianthus annuus | 0.5 mM Cd as CdCl2 | Increased endogenous Put and Spd levels | 1.0 mM Spd and Spm |
| Groppa et al. [39] |
H. annuus | 0.5 mM Cu as CuCl2 | Increased endogenous Put and Spd levels | 1.0 mM Spd and Spm |
| Groppa et al. [39] |
PA gene | Host plant/organism | Transgenic plant | Targeted metals (tolerance) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
SPDS 1 | Apple | European Pear | Cd, Zn, and Pb | Wen et al. [56] |
SPDS 1 | Apple | European Pear | Cu stress | Wen et al. [104] |
SPDS 1 | Apple | European Pear | Cd stress | Wen et al. [105] |
ADC gene | Agrobacterium | Eggplant | Cd stress | Prabhavathi and Rajam [106] |
SPDS 1 | Apple | European Pear | Al stress | Wen et al. [107] |
ALD | Arabidopsis | Cd and Cu stress | Sunkar et al. [108] |
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Hasanuzzaman, M.; Alhaithloul, H.A.S.; Parvin, K.; Bhuyan, M.H.M.B.; Tanveer, M.; Mohsin, S.M.; Nahar, K.; Soliman, M.H.; Mahmud, J.A.; Fujita, M. Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133215
Hasanuzzaman M, Alhaithloul HAS, Parvin K, Bhuyan MHMB, Tanveer M, Mohsin SM, Nahar K, Soliman MH, Mahmud JA, Fujita M. Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(13):3215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133215
Chicago/Turabian StyleHasanuzzaman, Mirza, Haifa Abdulaziz S. Alhaithloul, Khursheda Parvin, M.H.M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Mohsin Tanveer, Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Kamrun Nahar, Mona H. Soliman, Jubayer Al Mahmud, and Masayuki Fujita. 2019. "Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13: 3215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133215