Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression
Abstract
:1. An Overview of ERK Signaling Components
1.1. Regulation of the RAS-RAF-ERK Pathway
1.2. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 Pathway
1.3. Role of the ERK1/2 Pathway in Inflammation
TPL2/Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines/Inflammation
2. Novel Insights into the Regulation of ERK Activation
3. Upstream Inhibitors of ERK
4. Role of ERK Signaling as a Regulator of Chondrocyte Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression
4.1. Regulation of MMPs and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motif (ADAMTS)
4.2. Epigenetic Regulation of ERK1/2
4.3. ERK1/2 and Neoangiogenesis
4.4. ERK1/2 and OA Chondrocytes
4.5. ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway in Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
4.6. Interaction between Bone Cells and Articular Chondrocytes
4.7. Other Aspects of ERK1/2 in Relation to Chondrocyte Homeostasis
4.8. Regulation of ERK1/2 by MicroRNA
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lu, N.; Malemud, C.J. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153792
Lu N, Malemud CJ. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(15):3792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153792
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Nathan, and Charles J. Malemud. 2019. "Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase: A Regulator of Cell Growth, Inflammation, Chondrocyte and Bone Cell Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15: 3792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153792