Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Interaction Partners of HPyV LT and sT
2.1. Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1)
2.2. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A)
2.3. Protein Phosphatase 4 (PP4)
3. The Effect of HPyV LT and sT on Signaling Pathways
3.1. Phosphatidyl-3-kinase/AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway
3.2. Wnt Signalling
3.3. Protein Kinase C Pathway (PKC)
3.4. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathways
3.5. Notch Signaling Pathway
3.6. Hedgehog Signaling
3.7. DNA Damage Response Pathways
3.8. Retinoblastoma-E2F Pathway
3.9. p53 Pathway
3.10. Apoptotic Pathways
3.11. Ubiquitination-Proteasomal Degradation Pathway
3.12. Immune Response Pathways
3.12.1. NFκB Signaling Pathway
3.12.2. Innate Immune System
3.12.3. Interferon Signaling Pathway
3.12.4. Cytokines/Chemokines
3.13. Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathway
3.14. Phospholipid Signaling Pathways
3.15. Metabolic Pathways
4. Conclusions and Future Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMPK | 5′-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase |
ATM | ataxia telangiectasia mutated |
ATR | ATM- and Rad3-related |
BAG | Bcl-2 associated athanogene protein |
βTrCP | β-transducin-repeat containing protein |
CCL17/TARC | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17/thymus and activation-regulated |
Cdc | Cell division cycle protein |
CK1α | Casein kinase 1α |
DAMP | Danger-associated molecular pattern |
DDR | DNA damage response |
DHH | Desert hedgehog |
DNA-PK | DNA protein kinase |
DNMT1 | DNA methyltransferase 1 |
Dvl | Dishevelled |
ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
GSK3α | Glycogen synthase kinase 3α |
HEK | Human embryonal kidney |
HPyV | Human polyomavirus |
IFN | Interferon |
IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
IHH | Indian hedgehog |
IKK | Inhibitor of NFκB kinase |
IRF-1 | Interferon regulatory protein 1 |
IRS-1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
LT | Large T-antigen |
LEF | Lymphoid enhancer factor |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MCC | Merkel cell carcinoma |
MCPyV | Merkel cell polyomavirus |
MEK | Mitogen-activated kinase/ERK kinase |
mT | Middle T-antigen |
mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
NEMO | NFκB essential modulator |
NER | Nucleotide excision repair |
PAMP | Pathogen-associated molecular pattern |
p.i. | Post-infection |
PI3K | Phosphatidyl-3-kinase |
PP | Protein phosphatase |
PRR | Pattern recognition receptor |
PTCH | Patched |
Rb | Retinoblastoma |
RFC | Replication factor C |
RPTE | Primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial |
SHH | Sonic hedgehog |
SK | Spingosine kinase |
Smo | Smoothened |
sT | Small t-antigen |
STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
STUB1 | STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein |
TCF | T-cell factor |
TEFb | Transcription elongation factor b |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
TNFα | Tumour necrosis factor α |
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Virus | LT | sT | T’135 | T’136 | T’165 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BKPyV | p53, pRb | ABCA13, ANKRD30B, ATP2A2, BAG2, BAG3, BAG5, cathepsin BCCND3, CD44, CDK2, CDKN1A, CNP, CSRP1, DnaJC7, DP1, E2F3, E2F4, E2F5, GLIPR2, HSDL2, Hsp70, HSPA4L, HSPBP1, NAGK, Nse2/Mms21, PCNA, PP2CA, PP2R1α, PPM1B, RB1, RBL1, RBL2, SCCPHD, SEC61B, SMC5, SQRDL, SRP9, SRRM2, STUB1, TGFBI | |||
JCPyV | AP1, BAG3, BRN1, β-catenin, CEBP, Hsp70, IRS-1, LEF1, NF2, Oct6, pRb, p53, Purα, SKP1, YB-1 | PP2Cα | Hsp70, pRb | pRb | pRb |
WUPyV | p53, RB1 | ||||
MCPyV | ABCA13, ABCD3, AP2A1, ATM, BAG2, BAG3, BAG5, Brd4, CREBBP, CK2β, DDX24, DnaJC7, DP1, E2F3, E2F4, EMD, FAM71E2, GTF3C1, HDLBP, Hsp70, IκBIP, KPNA2, KPNA3, KPNA4, MAP4, MED14, P4HA3, PGAM5, PIP4K2 β, PP2AR1α, PTRF, RB1, RTN4, SALL2, SDPR, SGPL1, SRP14, SRPRB, STUB1, TCEB1, TRIM38, TSPYL1, Vam6p, VAPA, VAPB, VPS11, USMG5 | ABHD12, ACBD3, ADAM9, AIP, ANKRD13A, ATP2A2, BAG2, BAG3, BAG5, cadherin 1, CCHC, CD44, CDC20, CDH, CNP, COPG2, DnaJA1, DnaJB4, DnaJC7, EFEMP2, eIF4EBP1, emerin, Fbxw7, Hsp70, IGF2R, IκBIP, LOX, MBOAT7, MMP14, MPZL1, MTCH2, myoferlin, NEMO, Notch2, NSD1, P4HB, PDGFRβ, PGRMC2, PRAF2, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, PPP2R1A, PP2R1B, PP4R1, PPM1A, PPM1B, PPM1G, PSMC2, PSMC3, PSMC4, PTTPG1IP, Rab18, RNH1, RPL21, RPs27L, SPARC, SQRDL, SRPRB, STUB1, SURF4, TIMM8A, TMEM165, TMX3, TOLLIP, USMG5, VKORC1, YAP1 | |||
HPyV6 | p53, RB1 | PP2Cα, PP2R1α | |||
HPyV7 | p53, RB1 | ||||
TSPyV | p53, RB1 | PP2Cα | |||
MWPyV | pRb | PP2R1α |
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Moens, U.; Macdonald, A. Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163914
Moens U, Macdonald A. Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(16):3914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163914
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoens, Ugo, and Andrew Macdonald. 2019. "Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16: 3914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163914