Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. HF Mice with ME Exhibit the Most Prominent Renal Fibrosis, Depositions of Lipid Vacuoles in Tubular Epithelium, and Lymphocyte Infiltration in Tubulointerstitium
2.2. Inhibitors of ROS, cPLA2, and COX-2 Attenuate the Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in HF Mice with ME
2.3. Scavengers of Non-Specific ROS Attenuate Not Only Oxidative Injury But Also Downstream Pathways of cPLA2 and COX-2 in Obese Kidney Fibrosis with Metabolic Endotoxemia
3. Discussion
3.1. The Fat–Intestine–Kidney Axis
3.2. Therapeutic Targets of ROS, cPLA2 and COX-2 in Kidney Diseases
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Creating Animal Models to Mimic Obese Kidney Fibrosis (OKF) in Humans
4.3. Tissue Preparation for Histopathological Evaluation of H&E Stain
4.4. Masson’s Trichrome Staining Method
4.5. Immunohistochemistry Staining Method
4.6. Statistical Analysis of Data
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CKD | chronic kidney disease |
COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 |
cPLA2 | cytosolic phospholipases A2 |
HF group | high-fat diet-fed group injected with lipopolysaccharide |
IHC | immunohistochemistry |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
ME | metabolic endotoxemia |
OKF | obese kidney fibrosis |
PG | prostaglandin |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
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Chang, J.-F.; Yeh, J.-C.; Ho, C.-T.; Liu, S.-H.; Hsieh, C.-Y.; Wang, T.-M.; Chang, S.-W.; Lee, I.-T.; Huang, K.-Y.; Wang, J.-Y.; et al. Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184393
Chang J-F, Yeh J-C, Ho C-T, Liu S-H, Hsieh C-Y, Wang T-M, Chang S-W, Lee I-T, Huang K-Y, Wang J-Y, et al. Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(18):4393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184393
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Jia-Feng, Jih-Chen Yeh, Chun-Ta Ho, Shih-Hao Liu, Chih-Yu Hsieh, Ting-Ming Wang, Shu-Wei Chang, I-Ta Lee, Kuo-Yang Huang, Jen-Yu Wang, and et al. 2019. "Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18: 4393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184393