Mitochondrial Carriers for Aspartate, Glutamate and Other Amino Acids: A Review
Abstract
:Contents | |
1. Introduction | 2 |
2. Mitochondrial Carriers for Acidic Amino Acids | 7 |
2.1. The Human and Yeast Aspartate-glutamate Carriers | 7 |
2.2. Arabidopsis AtUCP1 and AtUCP2 Transport Aspartate and Glutamate | 9 |
2.3. The Human Glutamate Carriers | 10 |
2.4. Arabidopsis BOU and Yeast Ymc2p Transport Glutamate | 11 |
2.5. Human UCP2 Transports Aspartate | 12 |
3. Mitochondrial Carriers for Basic Amino Acids | 13 |
3.1. The Human and Yeast Ornithine Carriers | 13 |
3.2. Human SLC25A29 Transports Basic Amino Acids with a Preference for Lysine and Arginine | 15 |
3.3. Arabidopsis BAC1 and BAC2 | 15 |
4. Mitochondrial Carriers for Neutral Amino Acids | 16 |
4.1. The Human and Yeast Glycine Carriers | 16 |
5. Future Perspectives | 17 |
1. Introduction
2. Mitochondrial Carriers for Acidic Amino Acids
2.1. The Human and Yeast Aspartate-glutamate Carriers
2.2. Arabidopsis AtUCP1 and AtUCP2 Transport Aspartate and Glutamate
2.3. The Human Glutamate Carriers
2.4. Arabidopsis BOU and Yeast Ymc2p Transport Glutamate
2.5. Human UCP2 Transports Aspartate
3. Mitochondrial Carriers for Basic Amino Acids
3.1. The Human and Yeast Ornithine Carriers
3.2. Human SLC25A29 Transports Basic Amino Acids with a Preference for Lysine and Arginine
3.3. Arabidopsis BAC1 and BAC2
4. Mitochondrial Carriers for Neutral Amino Acids
4.1. The Human and Yeast Glycine Carriers
5. Future Perspectives
Note added during revision
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AAC | ADP/ATP carrier, adenine nucleotide carrier or translocase |
ADMA | asymmetric dimethylarginine |
AGC | aspartate glutamate carrier |
BAC | basic amino acid carrier |
GC | glutamate carrier |
EPRA | expression-purification-reconstitution-assay |
MC | mitochondrial carrier |
OGC | 2-oxoglutarate carrier |
ORC | ornithine carrier |
TCA | tricarboxylic acid |
UCP | uncoupling protein |
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AGC1 | AGC2 | Agc1p | GC1 | GC2 | AtUCP1 | AtUCP2 | UCP2 | Ymc2p | BOU | ORC1 | ORC2 | Ort1p | BAC1 | A29 | BAC2 | Hem25p | GlyC | |
AGC1 | 88 | 57 | 46 | 46 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 24 | 32 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 30 | 33 | 21 | 25 | |
AGC2 | 88 | 58 | 46 | 46 | 29 | 28 | 25 | 25 | 31 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 29 | 33 | 21 | 26 | |
Agc1p | 57 | 58 | 42 | 39 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 32 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 33 | 30 | 27 | 29 | |
GC1 | 46 | 46 | 42 | 68 | 25 | 24 | 25 | 21 | 29 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 24 | 29 | 29 | 18 | 26 | |
GC2 | 46 | 46 | 39 | 68 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 27 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 23 | 26 | |
AtUCP1 | 28 | 29 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 74 | 51 | 26 | 32 | 24 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 30 | 27 | 19 | 23 | |
AtUCP2 | 28 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 25 | 74 | 45 | 28 | 30 | 23 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 31 | 25 | 20 | 23 | |
UCP2 | 27 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 51 | 45 | 25 | 29 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 27 | 27 | 20 | 25 | |
Ymc2p | 24 | 25 | 28 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 25 | 41 | 31 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 39 | 30 | 23 | 26 | |
BOU | 32 | 31 | 32 | 29 | 27 | 32 | 30 | 29 | 41 | 40 | 38 | 33 | 36 | 38 | 36 | 19 | 26 | |
ORC1 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 31 | 40 | 88 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 31 | 24 | 25 | |
ORC2 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 25 | 22 | 21 | 25 | 28 | 38 | 88 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 28 | 21 | 25 | |
Ort1p | 27 | 27 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 30 | 33 | 33 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 28 | 21 | 21 | |
BAC1 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 24 | 26 | 24 | 27 | 24 | 31 | 36 | 33 | 34 | 31 | 34 | 29 | 20 | 26 | |
SLC25A29 | 30 | 29 | 33 | 29 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 27 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 34 | 31 | 34 | 40 | 19 | 27 | |
BAC2 | 33 | 33 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 27 | 25 | 27 | 30 | 36 | 31 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 40 | 26 | 26 | |
Hem25p | 21 | 21 | 27 | 18 | 23 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 23 | 19 | 24 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 26 | 35 | |
GlyC | 25 | 26 | 29 | 26 | 26 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 21 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 35 |
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Monné, M.; Vozza, A.; Lasorsa, F.M.; Porcelli, V.; Palmieri, F. Mitochondrial Carriers for Aspartate, Glutamate and Other Amino Acids: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184456
Monné M, Vozza A, Lasorsa FM, Porcelli V, Palmieri F. Mitochondrial Carriers for Aspartate, Glutamate and Other Amino Acids: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(18):4456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184456
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonné, Magnus, Angelo Vozza, Francesco Massimo Lasorsa, Vito Porcelli, and Ferdinando Palmieri. 2019. "Mitochondrial Carriers for Aspartate, Glutamate and Other Amino Acids: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18: 4456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184456