Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Modulates Glucose Metabolism by Targeting AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. EPA Inhibits Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Decreases Intracellular AMP:ATP Ratio in Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.2. EPA Stimulates Glucose Uptake through the AMPK Signaling Pathway in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.3. Intracellular Calcium Plays an Upstream Role of AMPK in EPA-Mediated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.4. I p38 MAPK Plays a Downstream Role of AMPK in EPA-Mediated Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.5. AS160 is Involved in EPA-Induced GLUT4 Expression in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
2.6. EPA Activates AMPK and Stimulates Glucose Uptake in Primary Cultured Myoblasts
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Primary Myoblasts Preparation and Culture
4.4. NMR Analysis and Data Pre-Processing
4.5. Cellular Metabolic Rate
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. Assessment of Intracellular Calcium
4.8. Uptake of 2-deoxy-d(H3)-glucose
4.9. Myc-GLUT4 Translocation Assay
4.10. RT-Qpcr
4.11. Silencing of Genes Encoding AMPKα2 and p38 MAPK
4.12. Cytochemistry
4.13. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kim, N.; Kang, M.S.; Nam, M.; Kim, S.A.; Hwang, G.-S.; Kim, H.S. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Modulates Glucose Metabolism by Targeting AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194751
Kim N, Kang MS, Nam M, Kim SA, Hwang G-S, Kim HS. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Modulates Glucose Metabolism by Targeting AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19):4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194751
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Nami, Mi Sun Kang, Miso Nam, Shin Ae Kim, Geum-Sook Hwang, and Hyeon Soo Kim. 2019. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Modulates Glucose Metabolism by Targeting AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194751