Acute Exposure to Indoxyl Sulfate Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Vasorelaxations Induced by ACh and SNP
2.2. Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Vasocontraction Induced by Noradrenaline and Isotonic High-K+
2.3. Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Adenylyl Cyclase Activator-Induced Vasorelaxation
2.4. Effect of Indoxyl Sulfate on Calcium Ionophore- or TRPV4 Agonist-Induced Vasorelaxation
2.5. Effect of Cell-Permeant SOD on ACh- or A23187-Induced Vasorelaxation
2.6. Effect of Organic Anion Transporter Inhibitor on ACh- or A23187-Induced Vasorelaxation
2.7. Effect of NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor on Vasorelaxation in Indoxyl Sulfate-Treated Aorta
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Vascular Function Study
4.3. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Matsumoto, T.; Takayanagi, K.; Kojima, M.; Taguchi, K.; Kobayashi, T. Acute Exposure to Indoxyl Sulfate Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020338
Matsumoto T, Takayanagi K, Kojima M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Acute Exposure to Indoxyl Sulfate Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(2):338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020338
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatsumoto, Takayuki, Keisuke Takayanagi, Mihoka Kojima, Kumiko Taguchi, and Tsuneo Kobayashi. 2019. "Acute Exposure to Indoxyl Sulfate Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2: 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020338