Integrative Assessment of Mixture Toxicity of Three Ionic Liquids on Acetylcholinesterase Using a Progressive Approach from 1D Point, 2D Curve, to 3D Surface
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Single Toxicity
2.2. Mixture Toxicity Assessment on 1D Point Level
2.3. Mixture Toxicity Assessment on 2D Curve Level
2.4. Mixture Toxicity Assessment on 3D Surface Level
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Acetylcholinesterase Toxicity Test
3.3. Experimental Design and Toxicity Evaluation of Mixtures
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Toxicants | P([BMIM]BF4) | P([BMIM]PF6) | P([HMIM]BF4) | TU Ratio | C0 | a | b | R2 | RMSE | EC20 | EC50 | EC80 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[BMIM]BF4 | 9.36 × 10−3 | 5.612 | 1.685 | 0.994 | 0.030 | 6.02 × 10−5 | 2.83 × 10−4 | 8.95 × 10−4 | ||||
[BMIM]PF6 | 7.92 × 10−3 | 5.383 | 1.638 | 0.993 | 0.031 | 6.28 × 10−5 | 3.09 × 10−4 | 1.01 × 10−3 | ||||
[HMIM]BF4 | 8.70 × 10−3 | 5.678 | 1.688 | 0.999 | 0.012 | 5.59 × 10−5 | 2.62 × 10−4 | 8.28 × 10−4 | ||||
G0 | 3.32 × 10−1 | 3.61 × 10−1 | 3.06 × 10−1 | 1:1:1 | 8.60 × 10−3 | 5.822 | 1.750 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 6.55 × 10−5 | 2.91 × 10−4 | 8.81 × 10−4 |
G1 | 1.17 × 10−1 | 1.27 × 10−1 | 7.56 × 10−1 | 1:1:7 | 8.66 × 10−3 | 5.639 | 1.657 | 0.999 | 0.012 | 4.92 × 10−5 | 2.38 × 10−4 | 7.66 × 10−4 |
G2 | 4.56 × 10−1 | 1.24 × 10−1 | 4.20 × 10−1 | 4:1:4 | 8.88 × 10−3 | 5.508 | 1.622 | 0.999 | 0.014 | 4.78 × 10−5 | 2.39 × 10−4 | 7.90 × 10−4 |
G3 | 2.28 × 10−1 | 2.47 × 10−1 | 5.25 × 10−1 | 2:2:5 | 8.63 × 10−3 | 6.003 | 1.791 | 0.999 | 0.015 | 6.47 × 10−5 | 2.78 × 10−4 | 8.20 × 10−4 |
G4 | 1.11 × 10−1 | 4.81 × 10−1 | 4.08 × 10−1 | 1:4:4 | 8.37 × 10−3 | 5.488 | 1.632 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 5.23 × 10−5 | 2.59 × 10−4 | 8.49 × 10−4 |
G5 | 7.77 × 10−1 | 1.21 × 10−1 | 1.02 × 10−1 | 7:1:1 | 9.09 × 10−3 | 5.446 | 1.607 | 0.997 | 0.019 | 4.76 × 10−5 | 2.42 × 10−4 | 8.08 × 10−4 |
G6 | 5.55 × 10−1 | 2.41 × 10−1 | 2.04 × 10−1 | 5:2:2 | 8.84 × 10−3 | 5.327 | 1.570 | 0.997 | 0.019 | 4.48 × 10−5 | 2.36 × 10−4 | 8.13 × 10−4 |
G7 | 4.32 × 10−1 | 4.69 × 10−1 | 9.94 × 10−2 | 4:4:1 | 8.56 × 10−3 | 5.259 | 1.560 | 0.998 | 0.017 | 4.65 × 10−5 | 2.48 × 10−4 | 8.59 × 10−4 |
G8 | 2.16 × 10−1 | 5.86 × 10−1 | 1.99 × 10−1 | 2:5:2 | 8.34 × 10−3 | 4.985 | 1.469 | 0.997 | 0.019 | 3.85 × 10−5 | 2.28 × 10−4 | 8.52 × 10−4 |
G9 | 1.05 × 10−1 | 7.98 × 10−1 | 9.67 × 10−2 | 1:7:1 | 8.12 × 10−3 | 5.212 | 1.559 | 0.996 | 0.022 | 4.95 × 10−5 | 2.64 × 10−4 | 9.16 × 10−4 |
B1 | 1.55 × 10−1 | 8.45 × 10−1 | 0 | 1:5:0 | 8.11 × 10−3 | 5.185 | 1.554 | 0.996 | 0.023 | 4.99 × 10−5 | 2.68 × 10−4 | 9.33 × 10−4 |
B2 | 3.15 × 10−1 | 6.85 × 10−1 | 0 | 2:4:0 | 8.32 × 10−3 | 5.170 | 1.547 | 0.997 | 0.022 | 4.88 × 10−5 | 2.64 × 10−4 | 9.24 × 10−4 |
B3 | 4.79 × 10−1 | 5.21 × 10−1 | 0 | 3:3:0 | 8.55 × 10−3 | 5.041 | 1.493 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 4.16 × 10−5 | 2.39 × 10−4 | 8.76 × 10−4 |
B4 | 6.48 × 10−1 | 3.52 × 10−1 | 0 | 4:2:0 | 8.80 × 10−3 | 5.106 | 1.510 | 0.996 | 0.022 | 4.22 × 10−5 | 2.38 × 10−4 | 8.58 × 10−4 |
B5 | 8.22 × 10−1 | 1.78 × 10−1 | 0 | 5:1:0 | 9.07 × 10−3 | 5.774 | 1.729 | 0.996 | 0.026 | 6.21 × 10−5 | 2.81 × 10−4 | 8.62 × 10−4 |
B6 | 1.78 × 10−1 | 0 | 8.22 × 10−1 | 1:0:5 | 8.81 × 10−3 | 5.862 | 1.701 | 0.999 | 0.012 | 4.70 × 10−5 | 2.18 × 10−4 | 6.82 × 10−4 |
B7 | 3.52 × 10−1 | 0 | 6.48 × 10−1 | 2:0:4 | 8.92 × 10−3 | 5.894 | 1.719 | 0.999 | 0.012 | 5.00 × 10−5 | 2.28 × 10−4 | 7.05 × 10−4 |
B8 | 5.20 × 10−1 | 0 | 4.80 × 10−1 | 3:0:3 | 9.03 × 10−3 | 5.600 | 1.632 | 0.999 | 0.014 | 4.46 × 10−5 | 2.21 × 10−4 | 7.25 × 10−4 |
B9 | 6.85 × 10−1 | 0 | 3.15 × 10−1 | 4:0:2 | 9.14 × 10−3 | 6.067 | 1.803 | 0.998 | 0.019 | 6.36 × 10−5 | 2.70 × 10−4 | 7.92 × 10−4 |
B10 | 8.44 × 10−1 | 0 | 1.56 × 10−1 | 5:0:1 | 9.25 × 10−3 | 5.355 | 1.577 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 4.50 × 10−5 | 2.35 × 10−4 | 8.06 × 10−4 |
B11 | 0 | 1.91 × 10−1 | 8.09 × 10−1 | 0:1:5 | 8.54 × 10−3 | 5.545 | 1.618 | 0.998 | 0.016 | 4.42 × 10−5 | 2.22 × 10−4 | 7.36 × 10−4 |
B12 | 0 | 3.71 × 10−1 | 6.29 × 10−1 | 0:2:4 | 8.39 × 10−3 | 5.491 | 1.616 | 0.999 | 0.010 | 4.72 × 10−5 | 2.37 × 10−4 | 7.88 × 10−4 |
B13 | 0 | 5.41 × 10−1 | 4.59 × 10−1 | 0:3:3 | 8.26 × 10−3 | 5.617 | 1.672 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 5.54 × 10−5 | 2.64 × 10−4 | 8.42 × 10−4 |
B14 | 0 | 7.02 × 10−1 | 2.98 × 10−1 | 0:4:2 | 8.14 × 10−3 | 5.323 | 1.589 | 0.997 | 0.019 | 5.08 × 10−5 | 2.63 × 10−4 | 8.90 × 10−4 |
B15 | 0 | 8.55 × 10−1 | 1.45 × 10−1 | 0:5:1 | 8.02 × 10−3 | 4.981 | 1.487 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 4.38 × 10−5 | 2.53 × 10−4 | 9.34 × 10−4 |
E = 20% | E = 50% | E = 80% | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mixtures | CTC | CTCUL | CTCLL | Interaction | CTC | CTCUL | CTCLL | Interaction | CTC | CTCUL | CTCLL | Interaction |
G0 | 91 | 131 | 68 | additive | 98 | 120 | 88 | additive | 103 | 113 | 97 | additive |
G1 | 116 | 149 | 93 | additive | 114 | 127 | 107 | synergistic | 112 | 121 | 94 | additive |
G2 | 123 | 165 | 95 | additive | 116 | 132 | 106 | synergistic | 111 | 114 | 98 | additive |
G3 | 90 | 121 | 71 | additive | 100 | 120 | 95 | additive | 108 | 119 | 85 | additive |
G4 | 114 | 167 | 83 | additive | 110 | 133 | 97 | additive | 108 | 121 | 97 | additive |
G5 | 126 | 193 | 89 | additive | 117 | 140 | 102 | synergistic | 111 | 121 | 96 | additive |
G6 | 134 | 204 | 94 | additive | 120 | 144 | 104 | synergistic | 111 | 123 | 96 | additive |
G7 | 131 | 192 | 95 | additive | 118 | 141 | 103 | synergistic | 109 | 123 | 97 | additive |
G8 | 158 | 248 | 109 | synergistic | 129 | 158 | 108 | synergistic | 111 | 131 | 93 | additive |
G9 | 125 | 209 | 83 | additive | 114 | 146 | 93 | additive | 107 | 131 | 86 | additive |
B1 | 125 | 213 | 82 | additive | 114 | 147 | 92 | additive | 106 | 133 | 85 | additive |
B2 | 127 | 211 | 85 | additive | 114 | 145 | 93 | additive | 105 | 129 | 86 | additive |
B3 | 148 | 226 | 104 | synergistic | 124 | 150 | 105 | synergistic | 109 | 127 | 93 | additive |
B4 | 145 | 246 | 95 | additive | 123 | 154 | 100 | additive | 109 | 129 | 89 | additive |
B5 | 98 | 170 | 64 | additive | 102 | 131 | 85 | additive | 106 | 118 | 92 | additive |
B6 | 121 | 152 | 98 | additive | 122 | 130 | 115 | synergistic | 123 | 130 | 104 | synergistic |
B7 | 115 | 145 | 93 | additive | 118 | 127 | 113 | synergistic | 121 | 127 | 102 | synergistic |
B8 | 130 | 175 | 100 | additive | 124 | 137 | 112 | synergistic | 119 | 130 | 99 | additive |
B9 | 93 | 134 | 69 | additive | 102 | 121 | 98 | additive | 110 | 124 | 85 | additive |
B10 | 132 | 201 | 94 | additive | 119 | 141 | 103 | synergistic | 110 | 119 | 93 | additive |
B11 | 129 | 182 | 97 | additive | 122 | 140 | 110 | synergistic | 117 | 120 | 100 | additive |
B12 | 124 | 152 | 102 | synergistic | 117 | 130 | 110 | synergistic | 113 | 115 | 104 | synergistic |
B13 | 107 | 156 | 78 | additive | 108 | 131 | 95 | additive | 109 | 121 | 99 | additive |
B14 | 119 | 183 | 84 | additive | 112 | 138 | 95 | additive | 107 | 126 | 92 | additive |
B15 | 141 | 213 | 99 | additive | 119 | 146 | 100 | additive | 105 | 127 | 88 | additive |
Chemicals | Molecular Structure | Source | Purity | CAS No. | Molecular Weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AChE | Sigma | 217 units/mg protein | 9000-81-1 | −320 kDa (tetramer) | |
ATCI | Aladdin | 98% | 1866-15-5 | 289.18 | |
DTNB | Vetec | 98% | 69-78-3 | 396.35 | |
[BMIM]BF4 | CGCC | >99% | 174501-65-6 | 225.89 | |
[BMIM]PF6 | CGCC | >99% | 174501-64-5 | 284.18 | |
[HMIM]BF4 | CGCC | >99% | 244193-50-8 | 254.08 |
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Ge, H.; Tao, S.; Zhou, M.; Han, B.; Yuan, H. Integrative Assessment of Mixture Toxicity of Three Ionic Liquids on Acetylcholinesterase Using a Progressive Approach from 1D Point, 2D Curve, to 3D Surface. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215330
Ge H, Tao S, Zhou M, Han B, Yuan H. Integrative Assessment of Mixture Toxicity of Three Ionic Liquids on Acetylcholinesterase Using a Progressive Approach from 1D Point, 2D Curve, to 3D Surface. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(21):5330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215330
Chicago/Turabian StyleGe, Huilin, Shanshan Tao, Min Zhou, Bingjun Han, and Hongqiu Yuan. 2019. "Integrative Assessment of Mixture Toxicity of Three Ionic Liquids on Acetylcholinesterase Using a Progressive Approach from 1D Point, 2D Curve, to 3D Surface" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21: 5330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215330