Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis of IDD Proteins
3. Biological Functions of IDDs
3.1. Modulation of Sugar Metabolism and Floral Transition
3.2. Starch Accumulation and Cold Response
3.3. Regulation of Seed Development
3.4. Modulation of Plant Architecture, Shoot Gravitropism, and Secondary Cell Wall Formation
3.5. Regulation of Hormonal Signaling
3.6. Ammonium Metabolism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
IDD | INDETERMINATE DOMAIN |
LPA | Loose Plant Architecture |
TPS | Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase |
FT | Flowering Locus T |
RID | Rice Indeterminate |
Ehd | Early heading date |
SUS | Sucrose Synthase |
BLF | Broadleaf |
AMT | Ammonium Transporter |
NKD | Naked Endosperm |
ENY | Enhydrous |
HD | Heading Date |
Rft1 | Rice Flowering Locus T1 |
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Gene Name | Phenotype | Key Role | References |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis | |||
At5g66730 (AtIDD1)/ENHYDROUS | Overexpression of AtIDD1 increases starch retention, endosperm-specific fatty acids, and defective mucilage extrusion in mature seed. | Seed development | [7] |
At3g50700 (AtIDD2)/CARRION CROW/GAF1 | idd2/idd1 double mutant exhibit decreased GA responsiveness, whereas IDD2 overexpressor enhance GA responsiveness. | GA signaling | [8] |
At1g03840 (AtIDD3)/MAGPIE | SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription factor directly targets AtIDD3/MGP, which plays key roles in specifying the radial root patterning and root stem cell niche. | Root development, DELLA interacting protein | [9,83] |
At2g02080 (AtIDD4)/IMPERIAL EAGLE | IDD4 and GR-REV act together to coordinate and promote outgrowth of a flattened leaf blade. IDD4 is an SHR target. | DELLA interacting protein, leaf polarity | [79,81] |
At2g02070 (AtIDD5)/RAVEN | Positive regulator of starch synthase 4. atidd5 mutants have deformed chloroplasts and starch granules. | DELLA interacting protein | [84] |
At1g14580 (AtIDD6)/BLUEJAY | Stem cell regulator and participant in root initiation, and is required to pattern new organs. | Root development | [79,85] |
At1g55110 (AtIDD7)/REDSTART | N/R | ||
At5g44160 (AtIDD8)/NUTCRACKER | idd8 mutants exhibit delayed flowering under LD condition. | Control floral transition via modulation of sugar metabolism, root development | [25,27,79,86] |
At3g45260 (AtIDD9)/BALDIBIS (Cabib and Leloir) | Jointly stabilizes tissue boundaries by confining the cell fate regulator SHORT-ROOT and contributing to fate specification. | Restrict SHR movement in root tissues | [87] |
At5g03150 (AtIDD10)/JACKDAW | JKD physically interacts with cell fate determinants SHR and SCR in a cell-type-specific manner. | Root development, DELLA interacting protein | [9,53,54,55,88] |
At3g13810 (AtIDD11)/WARBLER | N/R | Leaf polarity (regulated by REV and KAN1) | [81] |
At4g02670 (AtIDD12)/WOODPECKER | N/R | ||
At5g60470 (AtIDD13)/EGRET | N/R | ||
At1g68130 (AtIDD14) | idd14-1 mutant shows diverse leaf phenotypes. 35S: IDD14α has retarded growth and downward leaf curling (same 35S: QQS), whereas 35S: IDD14β and idd14-1 mutants show slightly early flowering. | Auxin biosynthesis and transport, starch metabolism in response to cold stress | [6,35] |
At2g01940 (AtIDD15)/SGR5 | idd15-5 increases angles between inflorescence stem or branches and siliques. | Auxin biosynthesis and transport | [6,80,82] |
At1g25250 (AtIDD16)/FALCON | IDD16-RNAi transgenic plant has the same phenotype as idd15-5. idd14-1 and IDD16-RNAi transgenic plants have enlarged floral organs and infertile siliques. | Auxin biosynthesis and transport | [6] |
Rice | |||
LOC_Os10g28330 (OsID)/SID1/RID1 | rid1 causes the never-flowering phenotype and gain of function of SID1, OsIDD1 or OsIDD6 restore the rid1 phenotype. | Flowering transition | [23,32] |
LOC_Os01g09850 (OsIDD2) | OsIDD2-overexpression plants showed severe dwarfism with height reaching about half that of the wild-type plants, whereas OsIDD2-RNAi and osidd2 rescued the phenotype. | Secondary cell wall structure | [44] |
LOC_Os09g38340 (OsIDD3)/ROC1 | roc1 mutant shows hypersensitivity to chilling stress. | Cold response | [36] |
LOC_Os03g13400 (OsIDD14)/LPA1 | lpa1 mutant causes loose plant architecture, reduces shoot gravitropism. | Shoot gravitropism | [47] |
LOC_Os04g47860 (OsIDD10) | idd10 mutant roots show hypersensitive to exogenous ammonium | Ammonium uptake and nitrogen metabolism | [10,75,76] |
Zea mays | |||
Zm2g011357 (ZmID1) | id1 mutant did not undergo a healthy transition to flowering and remained in a prolonged vegetative growth. | Flowering transition | [4,89,90] |
Zm2g129261 (ZmIDDveg9)/NKD1 Zm5g884137 (ZmIDD9)/NKD2 | nkd1 and nkd2 mutants are important for differentiation, cell patterning, seed maturation, and resource reserve deposition | Endosperm development | [9,43,91] |
Domesticated barley | |||
AMM06558 (DbBLF1) | Overexpression of LEAF1 reduced leaf width, leaf1-1 mutant was in contrast. | Regulate barley leaf size | [48] |
Solanum tuberosum | |||
X82328 (StPCP1) | Activate uptake of endogenous sucrose | [5] |
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Kumar, M.; Le, D.T.; Hwang, S.; Seo, P.J.; Kim, H.U. Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092286
Kumar M, Le DT, Hwang S, Seo PJ, Kim HU. Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(9):2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092286
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Manu, Dung Thi Le, Seongbin Hwang, Pil Joon Seo, and Hyun Uk Kim. 2019. "Role of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Genes in Plants" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9: 2286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092286