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Volume 21
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10.3390/ijms21124336
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Article

Functional Characterization of VvSK Gene Family in Grapevine Revealing Their Role in Berry Ripening

by
Jingjue Zeng
1,
Muhammad Salman Haider
1,
Junbo Huang
1,
Yanshuai Xu
2,
Tariq Pervaiz
3,
Jiao Feng
1,
Huan Zheng
1,* and
Jianmin Tao
1
1
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2
College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
3
Advance innovation center for tree breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(12), 4336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124336
Submission received: 19 May 2020 / Revised: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 / Published: 18 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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Abstract

The glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy kinase (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in brassinosteroid signaling, abiotic stress responses, cell division, and elongation, etc. In this study, we characterized seven grape GSK3 genes, showing high similarities with homologs from other species including Arabidopsis, white pear, apple, orange, and peach. Gene chip microarray data derived from an online database revealed very diverse developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns of VvSKs. VvSK3 and VvSK7 showed much higher expression levels in almost every tissue compared with other members. VvSK7 was highly enriched in young tissues like berries before the veraison stage, young leaves and green stems, etc., but immediately downregulated after these tissues entered maturation or senescence phases. Prediction of cis-elements in VvSK promoters indicated that VvSKs might be sensitive to light stimulation, which is further confirmed by the qPCR data. Constitutive overexpression of VvSK7 in Arabidopsis leads to dwarf plants that resembles BR-deficient mutants. The photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced in these plants, even though they accumulated more chlorophyll in leaves. Transient overexpression of VvSKs in tomatoes delayed the fruit ripening process, consistent with the observation in grapevine which blocks VvSKs by EBR- or BIKININ-promoted berry expansion and soluble solids accumulation. Data presented in the current study may serve as a theoretical basis for the future application of BRs or related compounds in quality grape production.
Keywords: GSK3; grapes; evolutionary analysis; light response; photosynthesis; ripening GSK3; grapes; evolutionary analysis; light response; photosynthesis; ripening

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zeng, J.; Haider, M.S.; Huang, J.; Xu, Y.; Pervaiz, T.; Feng, J.; Zheng, H.; Tao, J. Functional Characterization of VvSK Gene Family in Grapevine Revealing Their Role in Berry Ripening. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124336

AMA Style

Zeng J, Haider MS, Huang J, Xu Y, Pervaiz T, Feng J, Zheng H, Tao J. Functional Characterization of VvSK Gene Family in Grapevine Revealing Their Role in Berry Ripening. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124336

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zeng, Jingjue, Muhammad Salman Haider, Junbo Huang, Yanshuai Xu, Tariq Pervaiz, Jiao Feng, Huan Zheng, and Jianmin Tao. 2020. "Functional Characterization of VvSK Gene Family in Grapevine Revealing Their Role in Berry Ripening" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124336

APA Style

Zeng, J., Haider, M. S., Huang, J., Xu, Y., Pervaiz, T., Feng, J., Zheng, H., & Tao, J. (2020). Functional Characterization of VvSK Gene Family in Grapevine Revealing Their Role in Berry Ripening. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(12), 4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124336

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