A Review of T-Cell Related Therapy for Osteosarcoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cancer Immune Therapy and Cancer Immunoediting
2.1. Adaptive Immunity
2.1.1. Cancer Vaccine
2.1.2. DC Vaccine
2.1.3. CAR T-cells
2.2. Innate Immunity
2.3. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
3. Challenges for the Future
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ICI | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
CAR | Chimeric antigen receptor |
DC | Dendritic cell |
TAA | Tumor associated antigen |
APC | antigen presenting cell |
GS-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
IL | interleukin |
HER | human epidermal growth factor receptor |
GD2 | Disialoganglioside |
NK cell | Natural killer cell |
TCR | T-cell receptor |
Treg | regulatory T-cells |
CTLA-4 | Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 |
PD-1 | Programmed cell death 1 |
TIM-3 | T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 |
TIL | Tumor infiltrated T-cell |
IFN-γ | interferon gamma |
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Innate | Adaptive | |
---|---|---|
Specificity | Non-specific | Specific |
Response | Rapid | Slow |
Memory | No | Yes |
Main Players | NK cell Macrophage Granulocyte | T-cell B cell |
Trial ID | Type of Immunotherapy | Target Disease | Techniques | Phase | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCT01241162 | DC vaccine | Osteosarcoma, other cancer | DC vaccine, Decitabine | 1 | Completed without result |
NCT01803152 | DC vaccine | Osteosarcoma, other sarcoma | DC vaccine, Gemcitabine | 1 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT02107963 | CAR T-cell | Osteosarcoma, other cancer | GD2-CAR, AP1903, Cyclophosphamide | 1 | Completed without result |
NCT01953900 | CAR T-cell | Osteosarcoma, Neuroblastoma | GD2-CAR, VZV vaccine, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide | 1 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT03635632 | CAR T-cell | Osteosarcoma, other cancer | C7R-GD2-CAR, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide | 1 | Recruiting |
NCT03356782 | CAR T-cell | Osteosarcoma, other sarcoma | Each sarcoma specific CAR-T-cell | 1/2 | Recruiting |
NCT03628209 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | Nivolumab, Azacitidine, surgery | 1/2 | Recruiting |
NCT03277924 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma, other sarcoma | Nivolumab, Sunitinib | 1/2 | Recruiting |
NCT04294511 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | Camrelizumab, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 2 | Recruiting |
NCT03359018 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | SHR-1210, Apatinib | 2 | Completed |
NCT04351308 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | Camrelizumab, MAPI, Apatinib | 2 | Recruiting |
NCT03013127 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | Pembrolizumab | 2 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT04044378 | Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | Camrelizumab, Famitinib, Isosfamide | 2 | Withdrawn (Toxicity) |
NCT03676985 | Anti-PD-L1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | ZKAB001 | 1/2 | Recruiting |
NCT04359550 | Anti-PD-L1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | ZKAB001 | 3 | Not yet recruiting |
NCT03006848 | Anti-PD-L1 antibody | Osteosarcoma | Avelumab | 2 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT02500797 | Anti-PD-1 a/o L1 antibody | Osteosarcoma, other cancer | Nivolumab, Ipilimumab | 2 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT02982486 | Anti-PD-1 a/o L1 antibody | Osteosarcoma, other cancer | Nivolumab, Ipilimumab | 2 | Not yet recruiting |
NCT02815995 | Anti-PD-1/L1 antibody | Osteosarcoma, other sarcoma | Durvalumab, Tremelimumab | 2 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT04074564 | DC vaccine, Anti-PD-1 antibody | Osteosarcoma, other sarcoma | MASCT-I, anti-PD-1 antibody, Apatinib | 1 | Not yet recruiting |
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Yoshida, K.; Okamoto, M.; Aoki, K.; Takahashi, J.; Saito, N. A Review of T-Cell Related Therapy for Osteosarcoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144877
Yoshida K, Okamoto M, Aoki K, Takahashi J, Saito N. A Review of T-Cell Related Therapy for Osteosarcoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(14):4877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144877
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoshida, Kazushige, Masanori Okamoto, Kaoru Aoki, Jun Takahashi, and Naoto Saito. 2020. "A Review of T-Cell Related Therapy for Osteosarcoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14: 4877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144877