Sulforaphane Elicits Protective Effects in Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. SFN Treated Mice were Less Susceptible to Intestinal IRI
2.2. SFN Ameliorated IRI-Elicited Leukocyte and Platelet Recruitment
2.3. SFN Treatment Decreased IRI-Elicited Neutrophil Infiltration in Intestinal Tissue without Altering Expression of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules
2.4. SFN Reduced IRI-Elicited Ultrastructural Damage in the Intestine Protect Intestinal Barrier Integrity
2.5. SFN Treated Mice were Less Prone to Altered Mucosal Permeability of the Small Bowel
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethical Approval
4.2. Animals
4.3. Experimental Groups and Treatment
4.4. In Vivo Model of Intestinal IRI
4.5. Ex Vivo Platelet Preparation
4.6. In Vivo Leukocyte Staining and Fluorescence Intravital Microscopy (IVM)
4.7. Offline Video Analysis
4.8. Intestinal Histology
4.9. Electron Microscope
4.10. Intestinal Tissue Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Activity
4.11. Intestinal Mucosal Permeability
4.12. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)
4.13. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
IRI | Intestinal Reperfusion Injury |
SFN | Sulforaphane |
DAMPs | Damage Associated Molecular Patterns |
PRRs | Pattern Recognition Receptors |
TLRs | Toll Like Receptors |
VEC | Vascular Endothelial Cell |
ICAM-1 | Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 |
VCAM-1 | Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 |
PSGL-1 | P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 |
Nrf2 | NF-erythroid 2 Related Factor 2 |
ARE | Antioxidant Response Element |
HO-1 | Heme Oxygenase-1 |
GSH-Px | Glutathione Peroxidase |
H&E | Hematoxylin & Eosin |
IVM | Intravital Microscopy |
MPO | Myeloperoxidase |
OVA | Ovalbumine |
GPIIb/IIIa | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
BW | Body Weight |
PBS | Phosphate Buffered Saline |
Ip | Intraperitoneal |
SMA | Superior Mesenteric Artery |
ACD | Acid-Citrate-Dextrose Solution |
CFSE | Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate Succinimidyl Ester |
Pcvs | Postischemic Intestinal Postcapillary Venules |
HETAB | Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide |
KPi | Potassium Phosphate Buffer |
OD | o-Dianisidine Dihydrochloride |
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Chen, Z.; Mohr, A.; Heitplatz, B.; Hansen, U.; Pascher, A.; Brockmann, J.G.; Becker, F. Sulforaphane Elicits Protective Effects in Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5189. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155189
Chen Z, Mohr A, Heitplatz B, Hansen U, Pascher A, Brockmann JG, Becker F. Sulforaphane Elicits Protective Effects in Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(15):5189. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155189
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Zhiquan, Annika Mohr, Barbara Heitplatz, Uwe Hansen, Andreas Pascher, Jens G. Brockmann, and Felix Becker. 2020. "Sulforaphane Elicits Protective Effects in Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15: 5189. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155189