Application of Coordination Compounds with Transition Metal Ions in the Chemical Industry—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oxidation Processes
2.1. Wacker Process
2.2. Hydroperoxide Epoxidation Reaction of Olefins Catalyzed by Mo(VI) Complex
2.3. Sharpless System for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydroperoxide with Dimeric Titanium Complex as a Catalytically Active Form
2.4. Cyclohexyl Hydroperoxide Decomposition Reaction Catalyzed by Cobalt(II) and Cobalt(III) Complex Compounds
3. The Hydrocyanation Reaction
4. Metathesis Reaction
- Cross Metathesis—CM
- Ring Closing Metathesis—RCM
- Ring Opening Metathesis—ROM
- Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization—ROMP
- Acyclic Diene Metathesis—ADMET
5. Hydrosilylation Reaction
5.1. Reduction Pt(II) to Pt(0) in Reaction with Silane HSi(OEt)3
5.2. Karstedt’s Catalyst
5.3. Hydrosilylation Mechanism Proposed by Chalk and Harrod and Modified Mechanism of Chal–Harrod—Catalyzed by Rhodium Complex Compounds
6. Hydroformylation Reaction
7. Carbonylation Reaction
8. Olefin Polymerization
9. Hydrogenation Reaction
10. Catalysis and Green Chemistry
10.1. Ionic Liquids—Catalytic Reactions
10.2. Catalysts of Organic Reactions—Metal Nanoparticles
11. Conclusions
- PdCl2 taking part in the Wacker process forming a stoichiometric amount of acetaldehyde;
- Modernized CYCLOPOL-bis technology for caprolactam production allows for production costs to be minimized and the quality of products to be improved;
- Ni complexes with bidentate chelate ligands applied as catalysts in SHOP allow a separated C6–C18 fraction to be obtained, which is used for the production of plasticizers and detergents;
- [PtCl2(cod)], [Pt(CH2=CHSiMe2)2O3], [RhCl(PPh3)3], [Pd2(dba)3] are the hydrosilylation catalysts;
- Cu(I) and Fe(II) complexes with ligands such as halides, 2,2′-bipyridine, or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine are the catalysts in ATRP;
- [PdCl2(cod)] and Pd(0)/PVP are catalysts for the methoxycarbonylation reaction;
- K2[Fe(CO)4] catalyse carbonylation;
- [Cu(2,3-pydc)(bpp)]·2.5H2O, [Zn(2,3-pydc)(bpp)]·2.5H2O, and [Cd(2,3-pydc) (bpp)(H2O)]·3H2O are metal–organic frameworks which are applied in heterogeneous catalysis;
- [IL]2[PdX4] complex is more active than [PdCl2(cod)] in the Suzuki reaction.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Malinowski, J.; Zych, D.; Jacewicz, D.; Gawdzik, B.; Drzeżdżon, J. Application of Coordination Compounds with Transition Metal Ions in the Chemical Industry—A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155443
Malinowski J, Zych D, Jacewicz D, Gawdzik B, Drzeżdżon J. Application of Coordination Compounds with Transition Metal Ions in the Chemical Industry—A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(15):5443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155443
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalinowski, Jacek, Dominika Zych, Dagmara Jacewicz, Barbara Gawdzik, and Joanna Drzeżdżon. 2020. "Application of Coordination Compounds with Transition Metal Ions in the Chemical Industry—A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15: 5443. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155443