An Overview of Gut Microbiota and Colon Diseases with a Focus on Adenomatous Colon Polyps
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Human Microbiota and Colon Diseases
3. Adenomatous Colon Polyps
4. Risk Factors for Adenomatous Colon Polyps
5. Conventional Treatment for Adenomatous Colon Polyps
6. Colon Cancer and Adenomatous Colon Polyps
7. Pro and Prebiotic in Human Health
7.1. Pro- and Prebiotics in Human Microbiota Modulation
7.2. Probiotic and Prebiotics in Intestinal Diseases
8. Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Adenomatous Colon Polyps
9. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intestinal Disorder | Probiotic Strain | Administration Method and Duration | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constipation | B. longum. B. infantis și B. Scurt, L. acidophilus. L. casei. L. bulgaricus, și L. plantarum și Streptococcus thermophilus | Sachets; x 2/day for 2 weeks | Improve clinical symptoms constipation | [96] |
L. acidophilus (La-5) and B. lactic Bb-12 | Yogurt; 300 g/day for 4 weeks | Improved the symptoms of constipation during pregnancy | [97] | |
B. lactis NCC2818 | Sachets; 1/day for 4 weeks | Not effective in the management of mild chronic constipation | [98] | |
S. thermophilus MG510 and L. plantarum LRCC5193 | Chocolate; 26 g/day for 8 weeks | Significantly ameliorated stool consistency in patients with chronic constipation | [99] | |
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | B. longum, B. bifidum, B. lactis, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and S. thermophilus | Capsule (500 mg) of LacClean Gold-S (a multi-species probiotics); x 2/day for 4 weeks | IBS symptoms were substantially relieved (↑ 68%) | [100] |
Bio-Kult® (14 different bacterial strains) | Capsule; x 2/day for 4 weeks | The change in severity and frequency of abdominal pain on the IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) The change in other gastrointestinal symptom severity scores on the IBS-SSS, Quality of Life (QoL) | [101] | |
L. paracasei, L. salivarius și L. plantarum | Capsule; 1/day for 4 weeks | Effective in the global relief of IBS symptoms, and in relieving abdominal pain | [102] | |
L. acidophilus DDS-1 sau B. lactis UABla-12 | Capsule; 1/day for >6 weeks | Abdominal pain significantly improved | [103] | |
Ulcerative colitis (UC) | L. salivarius, L. acidophilus, and B. bifidus BGN4 | 1200 mg probiotic blend; x 2/day for 2 years | Combined therapy showed better improvement vs. controls. Beneficial effects of probiotics were evident even after two years post-treatment | [104] |
L. plantarum PL 02, L. rhamnosus KL 53A, and B. longum PL 03 | Sachets; 3.0 g/day for patients with acute phase UC and 2 g/day for patients in remission for 8 weeks | Effective in inducing and maintaining remission along with reduced Mayo Clinic disease index and improved gut microbiota | [105] | |
Symprove ™ (L. rhamnosus NCIMB 30174, L. plantarum NCIMB 30173, L. acidophilus NCIMB 30175 and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 30176) | Liquid; 1 mL/kg each morning on a fasted stomach for 4 weeks | Significantly reduced levels of fecal calprotectin along with decreased intestinal inflammation in patients | [106] | |
VSL#3, L. reuteri DSM 17938 and S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, B. breve and B. animalis ssp. lactis | Variable/day for 12 months | Marked reduction in total adverse events along with decreased need for systemic steroids, hospitalization, and surgery | [107] | |
Crohn’s Disease | VSL # 3 (4 x e Lactobacillus, 3 x Bifidobacterium, and 1 x S. thermophilus) | Sachets; x 2/day for 90 days | No statistical difference between VSL#3 and placebo treatment | [108] |
Colon cancer (CRC) | L. acidophilus LA-5, L. plantarum, B. lactis BB-12, S. boulardii | Capsule; x 2/day for 16 days | Decreased the risk of postoperative complications | [109] |
L. plantarum CGMMCC nr 1258, L. acidophilus LA-11, B. longum BL-88 | Capsule; 1/day for 6 days preoperatively and 10 days post-operatively | Improvement in the integrity of gut mucosal barrier and decrease in infections complications | [110] | |
L. casei, L. acidophilus, L. lactis, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. infantis | Sachets; x 2/day for 4 weeks | Improved the quality of life and inflammatory status of the CRC patients | [111] | |
B. lactis, L. acidophilus | Tablets; x 2/day | Improved the diversity and abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridiales and Faecalibacterium species) in fecal and mucosal microbiota of CRC patients Significant reduction of Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus species in fecal microbiota of CRC patients | [112] | |
H. pylori infection | L. Reuteri | Chewable tablets/day for 4 weeks | Effectively suppresses H. pylori infection and decreases the occurrence of dyspeptic symptoms Does not seem to affect antibiotic therapy outcome | [113] |
Lactobacillus | 2 weeks | High rate of eradication | [114] |
Intestinal Disorder | Prebiotic/Synbiotic | Administration Method and Duration | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constipation | Orafti® GR Inulin (inulin from chicory) or Maltodextrin DE 19 (maltodextrin) | Sachets (4 g inulin or maltodextrin/sachet); x 3/day for 4 weeks | A significant increase of stool frequency was documented, which was accompanied by a softening of stool consistency, which had a positive impact on the quality of life, primarily increasing the satisfaction | [115] |
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide | Powder; 5 g/day for 4 weeks | Rectal discomfort threshold and IBS and quality of life scores were significantly improved | [116] |
Pectin powder | Powder; 26 g/day for 6 weeks | Pectin acts as a prebiotic in specifically stimulating gut bifidobacteria in IBS-diarrhea patients and is effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, balancing colonic microflora, and relieving systemic inflammation. In view of its ability to re-establish a healthy gut ecosystem, pectin has the potential of being a therapeutic agent in IBS-diarrhea | [117] | |
L. acidophilus La-5® and Bifidobacterium BB-12® and Beneo dietary fibres | Fermented milk (180 g) x 2/day for 4 weeks | On average, an 18% improvement in total IBS-QoL score was reported and significant improvements in bloating severity, satisfaction with bowel movements, and the severity of IBS symptoms’ interference with patients’ everyday life were observed. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the synbiotic group and the placebo group | [118] | |
Ulcerative colitis (UC) | Enterococcus faecium, L. plantarum, S. thermophilus, B. lactis, L.acidophilus, B. longum, and fructooligosaccharide | Chewable tablets; x 2/day for 8 weeks | Overall, 55.6% of patients attained remission, while improved clinical activity index and reduction in C-reactive protein and sedimentation values were observed | [119] |
Streptococcus faecalis T-110 JPC, Clostridium butyricum TO-A, Bacillus mesentricus TO-A JPC, L. sporogenes plus prebiotic | Capsule; x 2/day for 3 months | Remission | [120] | |
Colon cancer | Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, L. paracasei, L. plantarum (10 × 1011 CFU) and inulin, resistant starch, pectin, and b-glucan (2.5 g) | Synbiotic sachets; (12 g)/day | Increased gastrointestinal Quality of Life index Improved the functional bowel disorder score | [121] |
L acidophilus, L rhamnosus, L paracasei, B lactis, and fructo-oligosaccharides | Sachets; x 2/day for 19 days | Decreases postoperative infections | [122] | |
Prebiotic supplement: fructooligosaccharide (25%), xylooligosaccharide (25%), polydextrose (25%), and resistant dextrin (25%) | 30 g/day for 7 days | Improved serum immunologic indicators in patients with CRC 7 d before operation Changed the abundance of four commensal microbiota (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterococcus), and Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, and Enterococcus are the genera known to include pathogenic strains | [123] | |
H. pylori | B. lactis B94 (5 × 109) CFU/dose), inulin (900 mg/dose) | Sachets; x 3/day for 14 days | From a total of 69 H. pylori-infected children, eradication was achieved in 20 out of 34 participants in the standard therapy group and 27/35 participants in the synbiotic group. There were no significant differences in eradication rates between the standard therapy and the synbiotic groups | [124] |
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Pop, O.L.; Vodnar, D.C.; Diaconeasa, Z.; Istrati, M.; Bințințan, A.; Bințințan, V.V.; Suharoschi, R.; Gabbianelli, R. An Overview of Gut Microbiota and Colon Diseases with a Focus on Adenomatous Colon Polyps. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197359
Pop OL, Vodnar DC, Diaconeasa Z, Istrati M, Bințințan A, Bințințan VV, Suharoschi R, Gabbianelli R. An Overview of Gut Microbiota and Colon Diseases with a Focus on Adenomatous Colon Polyps. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(19):7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197359
Chicago/Turabian StylePop, Oana Lelia, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Zorita Diaconeasa, Magdalena Istrati, Adriana Bințințan, Vasile Virgil Bințințan, Ramona Suharoschi, and Rosita Gabbianelli. 2020. "An Overview of Gut Microbiota and Colon Diseases with a Focus on Adenomatous Colon Polyps" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197359