In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Catalase-Like and SOD-Like Activity
2.2. Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.3. Total Phenolics and Flavonoids
2.4. Antioxidant Activity
2.5. Cytotoxicity against Three Cancer Cell Lines
2.6. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) Analysis
2.7. DPP-4 Inhibition In Vitro
2.8. Glucose Levels, Insulin, and HOMA Indices
2.9. Alterations in the Lipid Profile of Treatment Groups
2.10. Changes in Serum Antioxidant Levels
2.11. Pancreas Histopathology
2.12. Plant Growth Promotion in Chickpea Plants
Effect of Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 on Chickpea Plants In-Vivo and Antioxidant Activity in Derived Plant Extracts
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation and Identification of Isolates of Actinobacteria
4.2. Extract Preparation
4.3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Scavenging Assays
Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase-(SOD)-Like Activity
4.4. 16S rRNA Amplification and Phylogenetic Analysis
4.5. Phytochemical Analysis
Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
4.6. Determination of Antioxidant Potential
DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay and ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay
4.7. Cytotoxicity
4.7.1. Cell Lines and Culture Medium
4.7.2. Cytotoxicity Assay
4.8. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS)
4.9. Antidiabetic Assay
4.9.1. Drugs and Chemicals
4.9.2. Animals
4.9.3. Induction of Type 2 Diabetes
4.9.4. In-Vitro DPP-4 Inhibition Assay
4.9.5. Biochemical Assessments of Serum
Glucose, Insulin, HbA1C and Lipid Profile
4.9.6. Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA)
4.9.7. Serum Antioxidant Assay
4.9.8. Histopathological Studies
4.10. Plant Growth Promotion Assay in Chickpea Plants (Cicer Arietinum)
Antioxidant Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
SOD | Superoxide Dismutase |
VOCs | Volatile compounds |
TPC | Total Phenolic Content |
TFC | Total Flavonoid Content |
GAE | Gallic Acid Equivalents |
QE | Quercetin Equivalents |
HepG2 | Human hepatocarcinoma |
GSH | Glutathione |
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ROS/Strain | DBT33 | DBT34 | DBT35 | DBT36 | DBT37 | DBT39 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catalase-like activity (Unit) | 64.31 | 158.21 | 49.27 | 19.49 | 65.5 | 39.4 |
SOD-like activity (% of inhibition) | 53.51 | 55.15 | 59.84 | 61.89 | 56.47 | 61.75 |
Sl.No | Compound Name | Formula | MW | RT | Height | Area % | Norm % | Structure | Activities & References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DBT34 | |||||||||
1 | ETHYL 6-[P-Chlorophenacylamino]-4-[[Diphenylmethyl]Amino]-5-Nitro-2 | C29H26O5N5Cl | 559 | 21.390 | 1,814,810 | 6.514 | 37.38 | - | |
2 | Cathinone | C9H11ON | 149 | 21.635 | 1,398,351 | 5.655 | 32.45 | Antioxidant activity [17] | |
3 | 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid, 4-Hexadecyl Ester | C23H37O2Cl | 380 | 22.295 | 2,297,526 | 17.427 | 100.00 | - | |
4 | 2,3-Dihydroxystearic Acid | C18H36O4 | 316 | 22.445 | 1,336,178 | 9.799 | 56.23 | - | |
5 | Acetamide, 2-Amino | C2H6ON2 | 74 | 22.530 | 1,669,673 | 7.104 | 40.76 | Antioxidant activity [16] & anticancer activity [18] | |
6 | 1,4-Cyclohexadiene, 1,3,6 Tris(Trimethylsilyl) | C15H32Si3 | 296 | 23.171 | 1,601,816 | 11.259 | 64.61 | - | |
7 | Benzeneethanamine, N-[(Pentafluorophenyl)Methylene]-Beta,4-Bis [(trimethylsilyl)oxy] | C21H26O2NF5Si2 | 475 | 28.408 | 1,640,921 | 10.878 | 62.42 | - | |
8 | Benzeneacetic Acid, Alpha-Oxo Trimethylsilyl Ester | C11H14O3Si | 222 | 28.488 | 2,008,596 | 5.629 | 32.30 | ||
9 | Benzeneacetic Acid, 4-Methoxy-Alpha-[(Trimethylsilyl)Oxy]- Methyl | C13H20O4Si | 268 | 28.688 | 1,468,754 | 5.683 | 32.61 | Anticancer activity [19]; Neuroprotective activity [20] | |
10 | 1,2-Benzenedimethanethiol, S-Trimethylsilyl | C11H18S2Si | 242 | 28.793 | 1,568,043 | 6.188 | 35.51 | ||
11 | Trimethyl[4-(1,1,3,3,-Tetramethylbutyl)Phenoxy]Silane | C17H30OSi | 278 | 29.698 | 1,952,357 | 7.912 | 45.40 |
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Passari, A.K.; Leo, V.V.; Singh, G.; Samanta, L.; Ram, H.; Siddaiah, C.N.; Hashem, A.; Al-Arjani, A.-B.F.; Alqarawi, A.A.; Fathi Abd_Allah, E.; et al. In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197364
Passari AK, Leo VV, Singh G, Samanta L, Ram H, Siddaiah CN, Hashem A, Al-Arjani A-BF, Alqarawi AA, Fathi Abd_Allah E, et al. In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(19):7364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197364
Chicago/Turabian StylePassari, Ajit Kumar, Vincent Vineeth Leo, Garima Singh, Loknath Samanta, Heera Ram, Chandra Nayak Siddaiah, Abeer Hashem, Al-Bandari Fahad Al-Arjani, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, and et al. 2020. "In Vivo Studies of Inoculated Plants and In Vitro Studies Utilizing Methanolic Extracts of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DBT34 Obtained from Mirabilis jalapa L. Exhibit ROS-Scavenging and Other Bioactive Properties" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19: 7364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197364