Unveiling the Actual Functions of Awns in Grasses: From Yield Potential to Quality Traits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Impact of Awns on Grain Yield and Plant Biomass
2.1. Awns and Their Contribution to Canopy Temperature
2.2. The Photosynthetic Role of Awns and Their Possible Contribution to Grain Filling
2.3. Impact of Awns on Grain Yield and Components
2.4. Role of Awns on Biomass Yield
2.5. The Impact of Awns on Grain Shattering
3. Impact of Awns on Grain and Forage Quality Traits
3.1. Grain Quality Traits as Affected by Awns
3.2. Impact of Awns on Forage Quality Traits
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NILs | Near-isogenic Lines |
PEPCase | Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase |
References
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Species | Growing Conditions | Genotypes Tested | Grains Per Inflorescence | Kernel Weight (mg) | Grain Yield Per Plant (g) | Biomass Yield (t ha−1) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | Dry land | Awned | 36.90 a | 31.20 c | 1.13 | nd | Teich [44] |
Awnless | 37.60 a | 28.60 c | 1.03 | nd | |||
Irrigated | Awned | 65.40 a | 31.40 c | 2.10 | nd | ||
Awnless | 82.40 a | 30.60 c | 2.52 | nd | |||
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | Dry land | Awned | 42.60 | 48.20 | 7.36 d | nd | Duwayri [34] |
De-awned | 36.10 | 45.80 | 6.19 d | nd | |||
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | Rainfed | Awned | Nd b | 34.13 | 305.00 e | nd | Knott [51] |
Awnletted | Nd | 32.50 | 291.33 e | nd | |||
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | Rainfed | Awned | 61.95 | 40.96 c | 23.61 | nd | Khaliq et al. [40] |
De-awned | 59.45 | 39.12 c | 21.30 | nd | |||
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | Rainfed | Awned | 23.30 | 39.00 | 2.84 d | 7.90 | Rebetzke et al. [45] |
Awnletted | 24.30 | 37.10 | 2.74 d | 7.59 | |||
Irrigated | Awned | 25.90 | 40.80 | 6.27 d | 16.50 | ||
Awnletted | 27.40 | 38.90 | 6.32 d | 16.20 | |||
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var.durum) | Irrigated | Awned | 45.54 | 54.60 | 238.00 f | nd | Chhabra and Seth [39] |
De-awned | 45.13 | 47.50 | 205.90 f | nd | |||
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) | Rainfed | Awned | 32.30 | 35.10 | 104.70 e | nd | Motzo and Giunta [8] |
Rainfed | De-awned | 31.20 | 34.50 | 94.10 e | nd | ||
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) | Rainfed | Awned | 42.40 | 46.90 c | Nd | nd | Paluska [41] |
De-awned | 44.70 | 37.80 c | nd | nd | |||
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) | Irrigated | Awned | 19.57 | 46.68 | 2.47 | 7.20 | Hosseini et al. [49] |
Terminal drought | Awned | 17.78 | 39.03 | 1.74 | 5.67 |
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Ntakirutimana, F.; Xie, W. Unveiling the Actual Functions of Awns in Grasses: From Yield Potential to Quality Traits. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207593
Ntakirutimana F, Xie W. Unveiling the Actual Functions of Awns in Grasses: From Yield Potential to Quality Traits. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(20):7593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207593
Chicago/Turabian StyleNtakirutimana, Fabrice, and Wengang Xie. 2020. "Unveiling the Actual Functions of Awns in Grasses: From Yield Potential to Quality Traits" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20: 7593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207593