Coping with DNA Double-Strand Breaks via ATM Signaling Pathway in Bovine Oocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Location of p21-Venus in HeLa Cells
2.2. Effects of p21 on Oocyte IVM
2.3. Effects of DNA DSBs Induced by Zeocin on Bovine Oocyte IVM
2.4. Expression of DSB Repair Genes in Oocytes Was Altered under Different Zeocin Concentrations
2.5. The Effects of Cumulus Cells on the Response of COCs to DNA DSBs in Prophase of Meiosis I
2.6. Oocyte Maturation and Gene Expression Altered with ATM-Specific Inhibitor
3. Discussion
Preconception
- (1)
- During meiosis I, Ku70, a key gene of nonhomologous recombination, was involved in coping with DNA damage when it did not reach the threshold of damage to arrest the cell cycle; after the damage reached the threshold and could not be dealt with completely by the repair function, the cycle process was arrested and the completion of meiosis I was prevented.
- (2)
- When GVBD, physiological DNA SSBs, and DSBs form during the displacement and separation of chromosomes, the fractures of damaged DNA need to be repaired quickly in order to ensure the successful completion of the subsequent maturation process in oocytes. Carroll et al. also confirmed that the expression of the DNA damage marker protein γH2AX increased 6-fold after GVBD, compared with the GV phase [22]. When abnormal conditions lead to repair obstacles by physiological DNA SSBs or DSBs damage, is there a DNA damage check mechanism in oocytes at this time?
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Overexpression or Interference Experiments of p21 at Germinal Vesicle (GV) Stage in Bovine Oocytes
4.2.1. Amplification of the Expression Vector for p21 and Transfection of Plasmids into Hela Cells
4.2.2. Oocyte Collection and In Vitro Maturation (IVM)
4.2.3. Preparation of p21-Venus cRNA and p21-Morpholino
4.2.4. Microinjection into GV-Stage Oocytes
4.3. Zeocin-Induced DNA Damage in Bovine Oocytes
4.3.1. HeLa Cell Viability Assay
4.3.2. Immunofluorescence Labeling
4.3.3. RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR
4.4. IVM and Gene Expression in Oocytes Treated with ATM-Specific Inhibitor
4.4.1. IVM of Oocytes with ATM-Specific Inhibitor
4.4.2. RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR
4.5. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Samples Microinjected |
---|---|
Overexpression | p21-Venus group: 200 ng/μL p21-Venus cRNA |
Venus group: 200 ng/μL Venus cRNA | |
Interference | p21-Morpholino group: 2 mmol/L p21-Morpholino |
Control Morpholino group: 2 mmol/L Control Morpholino | |
Control | nuclease-free H2O group: nuclease-free H2O |
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Wang, L.; Xu, X.; Teng, M.; Zhao, G.; Lei, A. Coping with DNA Double-Strand Breaks via ATM Signaling Pathway in Bovine Oocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238892
Wang L, Xu X, Teng M, Zhao G, Lei A. Coping with DNA Double-Strand Breaks via ATM Signaling Pathway in Bovine Oocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(23):8892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238892
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Lili, Xiaolei Xu, Mingming Teng, Guimin Zhao, and Anmin Lei. 2020. "Coping with DNA Double-Strand Breaks via ATM Signaling Pathway in Bovine Oocytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23: 8892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238892