Inhibition of the Wnt Signalling Pathway: An Avenue to Control Breast Cancer Aggressiveness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Wnt Signalling Components and Pathways
2.1. Canonical Wnt Signalling
2.1.1. Wnt Signalling Off
2.1.2. Wnt Signalling On
2.1.3. Canonical Wnt Signaling in CSCs, Therapy Resistance and Immunoevasion
2.2. Non-Canonical Wnt Signalling
2.3. Imbalance of the Wnt Pathway in BC
2.3.1. Altered Expression of Destruction Complex Components
2.3.2. Altered Expression of FZD/LRP Receptor Complex
2.3.3. Altered Expression of β-Catenin
2.3.4. Altered Expression of Wnt Ligands
3. Wnt Signalling and Resistance to Anti-BC Therapy
3.1. Altered Wnt Signaling and Response to Therapy in the HER2+ BC Subtype
3.2. Altered Wnt Signaling and Response to Therapy in the Luminal BC Subtype
3.3. Altered Wnt Signaling and Response to Therapy in the TNBC BC Subtype
4. Anti-WNT Compounds in Clinical Trial
4.1. Porcupine Inhibitors
4.2. WNT5a Mimetics
4.3. FZD Receptors Inhibitors
4.4. Modulating Wnt Pathway in the Clinical Setting
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Castagnoli, L.; Tagliabue, E.; Pupa, S.M. Inhibition of the Wnt Signalling Pathway: An Avenue to Control Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9069. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239069
Castagnoli L, Tagliabue E, Pupa SM. Inhibition of the Wnt Signalling Pathway: An Avenue to Control Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(23):9069. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239069
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastagnoli, Lorenzo, Elda Tagliabue, and Serenella M. Pupa. 2020. "Inhibition of the Wnt Signalling Pathway: An Avenue to Control Breast Cancer Aggressiveness" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23: 9069. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239069