Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT), the Third Fat Depot
3. Adipocytes as Source of Factors in Tumour Stroma: Adiponectin and Leptin
3.1. Adiponectin
Adiponectin and Breast Cancer/Bone Metastasis
3.2. Leptin
3.2.1. Leptin and Breast Cancer
3.2.2. Leptin and Bone Metastasis
4. The RNA-Binding Protein Src-Associated in Mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68)
5. Alternative Splicing Regulates EMT: Role of Sam68
6. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MSC | Mesenchymal stem cell |
STAR | Signal Transduction and Activation of RNA |
WAT | White adipose tissue |
BAT | Brown adipose tissue |
BMAT | Bone marrow adipose tissue |
cBMA | Constitutive bone marrow adipocytes |
rBMA | Regulated bone marrow adipocytes |
PLOD2 | 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 |
AMPK | Adenosine-monophosphate activated protein kinase |
LKB1 | Liver kinase B1 |
Ob-R | Leptin receptor |
BMSC | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell |
CSC | Cancer stem cell |
NILCO | Notch, Interleukin-1, and leptin crosstalk outcome |
EMT | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
TAMs | Tumor-associate macrophages |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
sICAM | Soluble intercellular adhesion molecules |
Sam68 | Src-associated in mitosis 68 |
MET | Mesenchymal to epithelial transition |
SRSF1 | Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 |
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Breast Cancer Progress | Leptin | Adiponectin | Sam68 |
---|---|---|---|
Tumourigenesis | + [60,121,122] | − [123,124,125] | + [94,125] |
Tumour progression | + [126,127,128] | − [42,50,129] or + [51,130] | + [96,125] |
Cancer cell invasion | + [131,132] | − [50,74] or + [130,133] | + [134] |
Metastasis | + [72,135] | − [50] or + [51] | + [134] |
Angiogenesis | + [65,136,137] | − [138] or + [139,140] | ? |
Tumour cell apoptosis | − [127,141] | − [38] or + [138] | + [112,142] |
Cancer stem cells (CSC) | + [69,72,135] | − [143] | + [144] |
EMT | + [145,146,147,148] | ? (in breast cancer) − (in lung and prostate carcinoma [149,150]) | +/− [107,151] |
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Maroni, P. Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031051
Maroni P. Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(3):1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031051
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaroni, Paola. 2020. "Leptin, Adiponectin, and Sam68 in Bone Metastasis from Breast Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3: 1051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031051