Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Mechanisms Leading to Airway Remodeling in Asthma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Asthma
3. Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Stimulation of Airway Wall Remodeling in Asthma
4. Controlling the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction by Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Factors
5. Mechanisms to Explain How Air Pollution Triggers Remodeling in Asthma
6. Mechanisms that Control Remodeling in Non-Allergic Asthma
7. Early in Life Epigenetic events and the Predisposition of the Lung to Develop Asthma
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Akt | activated protein kinase B |
ATP | adenosin-tri-phosphate |
bFGF | basic fibroblast growth factor |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
CD | cluster of differentiation |
Erk | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
HSP | heat shock protein |
IgE | immune-globulin E |
IL | interleukin |
IP3K | Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase |
MAPK | mitogen activated protein kinase |
miR | microRNA |
mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
p70S6K | ribosomal protein S6 kinase |
PGC | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator |
PGE | prostaglandin E |
PM | particulate matter |
PPAR | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
PRMT | protein arginine methyltransferase |
PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
STAT | signal transducers and activators of transcription |
TGF | transforming growth factor |
Th | T-helper cell |
TSLP | thymic stromal lymphopoietin |
TLR | toll-like receptor |
WHO | world health organization |
Wnt | wingless-related integration site |
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Fang, L.; Sun, Q.; Roth, M. Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Mechanisms Leading to Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030757
Fang L, Sun Q, Roth M. Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Mechanisms Leading to Airway Remodeling in Asthma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(3):757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030757
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang, Lei, Qinzhu Sun, and Michael Roth. 2020. "Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Mechanisms Leading to Airway Remodeling in Asthma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3: 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030757