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Article

Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Enhance Mechanical Stability, Rheological Properties, Release Behavior and Adhesiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma

by
Roberta Censi
1,*,
Cristina Casadidio
1,
Siyuan Deng
1,
Maria Rosa Gigliobianco
1,
Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
2,
Dimitrios Agas
2,
Fulvio Laus
3 and
Piera Di Martino
1
1
School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via. S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
2
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
3
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(4), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041399
Submission received: 14 January 2020 / Revised: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 14 February 2020 / Published: 19 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wet Adhesion: New Chemistries, Models and Translation to Materials)
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Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has attracted much attention for the treatment of articular cartilage defects or wounds due to its intrinsic content of growth factors relevant for tissue repair. However, the short residence time of PRP in vivo, due to the action of lytic enzymes, its weak mechanical properties and the consequent short-term release of bioactive factors has restricted its application and efficacy. The present work aimed at designing new formulation strategies for PRP, based on the use of platelet concentrate (PC)-loaded hydrogels or interpenetrating polymer networks, directed at improving mechanical stability and sustaining the release of bioactive growth factors over a prolonged time-span. The interpenetrating hydrogels comprised two polymer networks interlaced on a molecular scale: (a) a first covalent network of thermosensitive and biodegradable vinyl sulfone bearing p(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide-lacate)-polyethylene glycol triblock copolymers, tandem cross-linked by thermal gelation and Michael addition when combined with thiolated hyaluronic acid, and (b) a second network composed of cross-linked fibrin. The PC-loaded hydrogels, instead, was formed only by network (a). All the designed and successfully synthesized formulations greatly increased the stability of PRP in vitro, leading to significant increase in degradation time and storage modulus of PRP gel. The resulting viscoelastic networks showed the ability to controllably release platelet derived growth factor and transforming growth factr β1, and to improve the tissue adhesiveness of PRP. The newly developed hydrogels show great potential for application in the field of wound healing, cartilage repair and beyond.
Keywords: thermosensitive hydrogels; tissue repair; mechanical properties; rheological behavior; interpenetrating polymer networks; growth factor release thermosensitive hydrogels; tissue repair; mechanical properties; rheological behavior; interpenetrating polymer networks; growth factor release
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MDPI and ACS Style

Censi, R.; Casadidio, C.; Deng, S.; Gigliobianco, M.R.; Sabbieti, M.G.; Agas, D.; Laus, F.; Di Martino, P. Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Enhance Mechanical Stability, Rheological Properties, Release Behavior and Adhesiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041399

AMA Style

Censi R, Casadidio C, Deng S, Gigliobianco MR, Sabbieti MG, Agas D, Laus F, Di Martino P. Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Enhance Mechanical Stability, Rheological Properties, Release Behavior and Adhesiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(4):1399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041399

Chicago/Turabian Style

Censi, Roberta, Cristina Casadidio, Siyuan Deng, Maria Rosa Gigliobianco, Maria Giovanna Sabbieti, Dimitrios Agas, Fulvio Laus, and Piera Di Martino. 2020. "Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Enhance Mechanical Stability, Rheological Properties, Release Behavior and Adhesiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4: 1399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041399

APA Style

Censi, R., Casadidio, C., Deng, S., Gigliobianco, M. R., Sabbieti, M. G., Agas, D., Laus, F., & Di Martino, P. (2020). Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Enhance Mechanical Stability, Rheological Properties, Release Behavior and Adhesiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041399

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