Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling
Abstract
:1. Discovery, Early and Classical Functions of Rap1: Ras Antagonism, Integrin Activation
2. Posttranslational Modifications and Cellular Localization of Rap1
3. Ca2+ Signaling and Rap1
4. Rap1 Activators in Integration of Ca2+ Signaling
4.1. CalDAG-GEFs
4.2. Epac
5. Integration of Rap1 and Ca2+ Signaling in the Central Nervous System (CNS)
6. Platelets: Integrins and SERCA
7. Rap1 and Ca2+ Signaling in the Immune System: TLR, Integrins, and Chemotaxis
8. Heart: Excitation-Contraction Coupling; Cardiac Hypertrophy
9. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Vasorelaxation
10. Endothelium: NO, Vasorelaxation, Vasoreactivity
11. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Ca2+ | Calcium |
CalDAG-GEF | Ca2+ and DAG-activated GEF |
cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
CICR | Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release |
CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
CNS | central nervous system |
CREB | cAMP-response element binding protein |
eNOS | endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
Epac | exchange protein activated by cAMP |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 |
GAPs | GTPase-activating proteins |
GEFs | guanine nucleotide exchange factors |
GPCR | G protein coupled receptor |
IP3 | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
NO | nitric oxide |
PDEs | phosphodiesterases |
PIP | phosphatidyl inositol phosphate |
PKA | protein kinase A |
PLC | phospholipase C |
REM | Ras exchange motif |
RIAM | Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule |
RLC20 | myosin regulatory light chain |
RyR | ryanodine receptor |
SERCA | sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase |
TKR | tyrosine kinase receptors |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
VEGFR2 | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
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Gene Symbol | Name of the Protein | Molecular Structure Domains | Protein Length | GEF Activity |
---|---|---|---|---|
RAPGEF3 | Epac1 | | 881 | Rap1, Rap2 |
RAPGEF4 | Epac2 | | 1011 | Rap2 |
RASGRP2 | CalDAG GEF-I | | 609 | Rap1a>N-Ras |
RASGRP | CalDAG GEF-II | | 797 | H-Ras, R-Ras |
RASGRP3 | CalDAG GEF-III | | 689 | H-Ras, R-Ras, M-Ras, Rap1a, Rap2a |
RASGRP4 | CalDAG GEF-IV | | 673 | H-Ras |
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Kosuru, R.; Chrzanowska, M. Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051616
Kosuru R, Chrzanowska M. Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(5):1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051616
Chicago/Turabian StyleKosuru, Ramoji, and Magdalena Chrzanowska. 2020. "Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5: 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051616