Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Autophagy in Psoriasis-Related Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cell Viability
2.2. In M5-Stimulated HaCaT Cells, TCDD Treatment Significantly Upregulated AhR and CYP1A1 While Downregulating Autophagy-Related Factors and the Production of Autophagosomes
2.3. Autophagy Inhibition Upregulated AhR and CYP1A1 in M5-Stimulated HaCaT Cells
2.4. AhR Knockdown Significantly Attenuated Autophagy
2.5. AhR Inhibition Blocked both TCDD- and Chloroquine-Induced Phosphorylation of p65NF-κB and p38MAPK in M5-Stimulated HaCaT Cells
2.6. CYP1A1, LC3, and AhR Differential Expression in Human Lesional Psoriasis Skin
2.7. AhR or Autophagy Modulation in Human Psoriasis Skin Biopsies Enhanced the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients and Sample Collections
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Ex Vivo Culture
4.4. MTT Assay
4.5. Immunohistochemistry
4.6. Western Blot Analyses
4.7. Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-PCR
4.8. Transfection of siRNAs (Small Interfering RNA) Specific for AhR and ATG5
4.9. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | Atopic dermatitis |
AhR | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
NHEKs | Normal human epidermal keratinocytes |
TCDD | 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
M5 | The mixture of five proinflammatory cytokines |
DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor-kappaB |
PM | Particulate matter |
Rapa | Rapamycin |
CQ | Chloroquine |
FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
FICZ | 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium |
ECL | Enhanced chemiluminescence |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
TBST | Tris-buffered saline 0.1% Tween 20 |
PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
FITC | Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate |
SDS-PAGE | Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
IL-1 β | Interleukin-1 β |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
TNF- α | Transforming growth factor- α |
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Kim, H.R.; Kang, S.Y.; Kim, H.O.; Park, C.W.; Chung, B.Y. Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Autophagy in Psoriasis-Related Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062195
Kim HR, Kang SY, Kim HO, Park CW, Chung BY. Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Autophagy in Psoriasis-Related Inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(6):2195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062195
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Hye Ran, Seok Young Kang, Hye One Kim, Chun Wook Park, and Bo Young Chung. 2020. "Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Autophagy in Psoriasis-Related Inflammation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6: 2195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062195