DNA Strand Break Properties of Protoporphyrin IX by X-ray Irradiation against Melanoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PpIX Enhances ROS Generation by X-ray Irradiation
2.2. Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on ROS Generation by the Interaction between X-ray and PpIX
2.3. PpIX Enhances X-ray Irradiation-mediated Single-strand Breaks (SSBs) and Double-strand Breaks (DSBs)
2.4. PpIX Enhances Functional Decline of DNA by X-ray Irradiation
2.5. PpIX Enhances Cellular Damage with DSBs by X-ray Irradiation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. X-ray Irradiation
4.3. Evaluation of ROS Production
4.4. Evaluation of DNA Break
4.5. Evaluation of DNA Function by Colony Formation Assay
4.6. Cell Culture
4.7. γH2AX Detection
4.8. Cell Viability Assay
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
5-ALA | 5-aminolevulinic acid |
APF | 3′-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein |
DHE | dihydroethidium |
DSB | double-strand break |
PDD | photodynamic diagnosis |
PDT | photodynamic therapy |
PpIX | protoporphyrin IX |
RDT | radiodynamic therapy |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
RT | radiotherapy |
SB | strand break |
SSB | single-strand break |
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Hasegawa, T.; Takahashi, J.; Nagasawa, S.; Doi, M.; Moriyama, A.; Iwahashi, H. DNA Strand Break Properties of Protoporphyrin IX by X-ray Irradiation against Melanoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072302
Hasegawa T, Takahashi J, Nagasawa S, Doi M, Moriyama A, Iwahashi H. DNA Strand Break Properties of Protoporphyrin IX by X-ray Irradiation against Melanoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(7):2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072302
Chicago/Turabian StyleHasegawa, Takema, Junko Takahashi, Shinsuke Nagasawa, Motomichi Doi, Akihiro Moriyama, and Hitoshi Iwahashi. 2020. "DNA Strand Break Properties of Protoporphyrin IX by X-ray Irradiation against Melanoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7: 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072302