Metabolic Insights into the Anion-Anion Antagonism in Sweet Basil: Effects of Different Nitrate/Chloride Ratios in the Nutrient Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Plant Biomass
2.2. Effect of the Different NO3−:Cl− Ratios on Nitrate Transporters’ Expression in Leaves
2.2.1. Identification of Putative Nitrate Transporters in Basil
2.2.2. Gene Expression Analysis
2.3. Metabolomics of Basil Leaves
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Experimental Treatments
4.2. Biomass Determination, Nitrate and Chloride Analysis
4.3. In Silico Identification of Nitrate Transporters in O. basilicum
4.4. Gene Expression Analysis
4.5. Untargeted Metabolomics
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CT | cut |
EST | Expressed Sequence Tag |
HCA | Hierarchical Cluster Analysis |
NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
NS | Nutrient solution |
NT | Nitrate Transporter |
OPLS-DA | Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis |
QTOF | Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight |
R | NO3−: Cl− ratio |
ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
UHPLC | Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography |
VIP | Variables Importance in Projection |
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Source of Variance | Fresh Shoot Biomass | NO3− | Cl− |
---|---|---|---|
(g shoot−1) | (g kg−1 dw) | (g kg−1 dw) | |
NO3−: Cl− ratio (R) | |||
80:20 | 113.2 ± 4.43 a | 32.13 ± 4.32 a | 5.00 ± 0.89 d |
60:40 | 108.7 ± 6.15 a | 28.66 ± 1.53 a | 11.66 ± 1.51 c |
40:60 | 96.1 ± 4.95 b | 15.95 ± 1.22 b | 21.55 ± 4.41 b |
20:80 | 70.1 ± 1.90 c | 1.08 ± 0.23 c | 40.89 ± 6.16 a |
*** | *** | *** | |
Cuts (CT) | |||
CT1 | 105.2 ± 6.14 | 19.46 ± 4.20 | 13.01 ± 2.78 |
CT2 | 88.8 ± 4.53 | 19.45 ± 3.81 | 26.54 ± 5.57 |
t-value | * | ns | * |
R × CT | |||
80:20 × CT1 | 121.9 ± 0.78 | 32.09 ± 8.76 | 3.90 ± 1.61 e |
60:40 × CT1 | 119.7 ± 7.21 | 28.96 ± 2.77 | 8.37 ± 0.72 de |
40:60 × CT1 | 106.0 ± 4.27 | 15.62 ± 2.01 | 12.44 ± 2.76 cd |
20:80 × CT1 | 73.2 ± 1.58 | 1.15 ± 0.46 | 27.34 ± 2.05 b |
80:20 × CT2 | 104.4 ± 4.58 | 32.17 ± 4.07 | 6.11 ± 0.39 e |
60:40 × CT2 | 97.7 ± 3.96 | 28.35 ± 1.97 | 14.95 ± 0.34 c |
40:60 × CT2 | 86.1 ± 2.43 | 16.28 ± 1.82 | 30.66 ± 2.56 b |
20:80 × CT2 | 67.0 ± 2.46 | 1.01 ± 0.23 | 54.44 ± 1.25 a |
ns | ns | *** |
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Corrado, G.; Lucini, L.; Miras-Moreno, B.; Chiaiese, P.; Colla, G.; De Pascale, S.; Rouphael, Y. Metabolic Insights into the Anion-Anion Antagonism in Sweet Basil: Effects of Different Nitrate/Chloride Ratios in the Nutrient Solution. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072482
Corrado G, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Chiaiese P, Colla G, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Metabolic Insights into the Anion-Anion Antagonism in Sweet Basil: Effects of Different Nitrate/Chloride Ratios in the Nutrient Solution. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(7):2482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072482
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorrado, Giandomenico, Luigi Lucini, Begoña Miras-Moreno, Pasquale Chiaiese, Giuseppe Colla, Stefania De Pascale, and Youssef Rouphael. 2020. "Metabolic Insights into the Anion-Anion Antagonism in Sweet Basil: Effects of Different Nitrate/Chloride Ratios in the Nutrient Solution" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7: 2482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072482