Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Human Vagina and Genetic Basis of Acquired Resistances
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation, Identification and Typing of Vaginal LAB
2.2. Antibiotic Susceptibility
2.3. Detection of AR Genes by PCR
2.4. Genome Analysis for AR Genes
2.5. Restoration of the Tetracycline Resistance Phenotype in B. Bifidum VA07-1AN
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Selection and Collection
4.2. Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
4.3. Identification of Bacteria by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
4.4. Molecular PCR Fingerprinting
4.5. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
4.6. PCR Detection and Identification of AR Genes
4.7. Genome Sequencing, Annotation, and Analysis
4.8. Stability of the Disrupted tet(W) Gene of B. Bifidum
4.9. GenBank Accession Numbers
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Strain | Antibiotic a (MIC as µg mL−1) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GEN | KAN | STR | NEO | TET | ERY | CLI | CHL | AMP | PEN | VAN | QDA | LIN | TMP | CIP | RIF | ||
L. crispatus | VA20-32AN b | 2 | 16 | 2 | 16 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | >64 | 16 | 1 |
VA27-7 | 4 | 32 | 64 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 32 | 64 | 4 | |
VA27-9 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 2 | |
VA28-12 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 2 | |
VA32-17 | 2 | 64 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | >64 | 64 | 8 | |
VA32-17AN | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 32 | 4 | |
VA50-4AN c | ≤0.5 | 32 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 4 | >64 | 32 | 4 | |
L. jensenii | VA04-1AN | ≤0.5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.25 | ≤0.016 | 0.12 | 4 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | >64 | 8 | 0.25 |
VA04-2AN | ≤0.5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | >64 | 8 | 0.25 | |
VA15-2AN | ≤0.5 | ≤2 | 1 | ≤0.5 | 1 | ≤0.016 | ≤0.03 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | >64 | 8 | 0.25 | |
VA16-11 | ≤0.5 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.06 | ≤0.03 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | >64 | 16 | 0.5 | |
Breakpoint (µg mL−1) d | 16 | 16 | 16 | - | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
L. salivarius | VA09-4 | 8 | 64 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 2 | 1 | 0.25 | 128 | 0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 2 |
VA16-20 | ≤0.5 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.12 | >128 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
VA37-13 | ≤0.5 | 4 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.12 | >128 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | |
VA40-10 | 128 | >1024 | >256 | 256 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0.5 | |
VA40-12AN | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | |
VA40-14AN | 4 | 128 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 1 | |
Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 16 | 64 | 64 | - | 8 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | n.r. | - | - | - | - | - | |
L. paracasei | VA02-1AN | ≤0.5 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 8 | 1 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 4 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.5 |
VA24-4 | 1 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 2 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | |
VA26-3 | ≤0.5 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 4 | 1 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.5 | |
VA27-8 | 1 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.25 | >128 | 1 | 4 | 0.25 | 4 | 0.5 | |
Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 32 | 64 | 64 | - | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | n.r. | - | - | - | - | - | |
L. reuteri | VA15-3 | ≤0.5 | 4 | 2 | ≤0.5 | 8 | 0.12 | ≤0.03 | 4 | 1 | 2 | >128 | 1 | 2 | >64 | 32 | 0.25 |
VA24-5 | ≤0.5 | 16 | 4 | ≤0.5 | 16 | 0.06 | ≤0.03 | 4 | 2 | 8 | >128 | 0.5 | 4 | >64 | 32 | 0.25 | |
Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 8 | 64 | 64 | - | 32 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | - | n.r. | - | - | - | - | - | |
B. bifidum | VA07-1AN | 8 | 64 | >256 | 16 | 1 | ≤0.016 | 0.06 | 1 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 16 | 8 | 2 |
VA07-2AN | 32 | 64 | >256 | 32 | 1 | ≤0.016 | ≤0.03 | 1 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 16 | 8 | 1 | |
Breakpoint (µg mL−1) | 64 | - | 128 | - | 8 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
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Sirichoat, A.; Flórez, A.B.; Vázquez, L.; Buppasiri, P.; Panya, M.; Lulitanond, V.; Mayo, B. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Human Vagina and Genetic Basis of Acquired Resistances. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072594
Sirichoat A, Flórez AB, Vázquez L, Buppasiri P, Panya M, Lulitanond V, Mayo B. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Human Vagina and Genetic Basis of Acquired Resistances. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(7):2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072594
Chicago/Turabian StyleSirichoat, Auttawit, Ana Belén Flórez, Lucía Vázquez, Pranom Buppasiri, Marutpong Panya, Viraphong Lulitanond, and Baltasar Mayo. 2020. "Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Human Vagina and Genetic Basis of Acquired Resistances" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7: 2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072594
APA StyleSirichoat, A., Flórez, A. B., Vázquez, L., Buppasiri, P., Panya, M., Lulitanond, V., & Mayo, B. (2020). Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Human Vagina and Genetic Basis of Acquired Resistances. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(7), 2594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072594