An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Isolation and Identification of the Fungal Isolate
2.2. Green Synthesis of MgO-NPs
2.3. Characterizations of Biosynthesized MgO-NPs
2.3.1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy Analysis
2.3.2. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.3.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.3.4. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Analysis
2.3.5. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis
2.3.6. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy
2.3.7. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis
2.4. Antimicrobial Activity
2.5. Larvicidal/Pupicidal Bioassay
2.6. Repellent Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals Used
3.2. Isolation and Identification of the Fungal Strain
3.3. Green Synthesis of MgO-NPs
3.4. Characterization of Biosynthesized MgO-NPs
3.4.1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy
3.4.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.4.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.4.4. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
3.4.5. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis
3.4.6. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
3.4.7. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
3.5. Antimicrobial Activity
3.6. Mosquitocidal Assay
3.6.1. Rearing of Anopheles stephensi
3.6.2. Larvicidal/Pupicidal Assay
3.6.3. Repellent Activity
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target Instar | Mortality Percentages (%) ± SD * | LC50 | LC90 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 ppm | 10 ppm | 15 ppm | 20 ppm | 25 ppm | |||
I | 30.2 ± 1.1 | 48.6 ± 1.7 | 67.6 ± 2.5 | 79.2 ± 2.2 | 91.8 ± 2.4 | 12.4 | 22.3 |
II | 29.6 ± 1.1 | 41.8 ± 1.1 | 64.2 ± 1.9 | 75.6 ± 1.1 | 88.2 ± 1.6 | 13.10 | 23.5 |
III | 27.8 ± 1.3 | 41.4 ± 1.8 | 59.8 ± 2.9 | 72.4 ± 2.9 | 81.4 ± 0.9 | 13.93 | 25.09 |
IV | 24.4 ± 1.9 | 35.6 ± 2.3 | 51.4 ± 1.5 | 67.6 ± 2.6 | 72.8 ± 2.6 | 15.5 | 27.99 |
Pupa | 22.8 ± 1.9 | 34.8 ± 1.3 | 48.2 ± 1.5 | 61.8 ± 3.5 | 69.2 ± 2.8 | 16.5 | 29.8 |
Concentrations of MgO-NPs (mg cm−2) | Repellent Percentages (%) ± SD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 min | 30 min | 60 min | 90 min | 120 min | 150 min | 180 min | 210 min | |
1 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 69.3 ± 1.6 | 57.2 ± 1.1 | 43.1 ± 1.6 |
2.5 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 72.4 ± 1.5 | 64.2 ± 1.6 | 49.4 ± 1.8 |
5 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 76.6 ± 1.2 | 67.6 ± 1.4 |
7.5 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 76.6 ± 1.6 | 70.0 ± 1.6 | 50.6 ± 1.4 |
10 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 80.9 ± 1.9 | 74.9 ± 1.3 | 59.6 ± 1.5 |
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Fouda, A.; Awad, M.A.; Eid, A.M.; Saied, E.; Barghoth, M.G.; Hamza, M.F.; Awad, M.F.; Abdelbary, S.; Hassan, S.E.-D. An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105096
Fouda A, Awad MA, Eid AM, Saied E, Barghoth MG, Hamza MF, Awad MF, Abdelbary S, Hassan SE-D. An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(10):5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105096
Chicago/Turabian StyleFouda, Amr, Mohamed A. Awad, Ahmed M. Eid, Ebrahim Saied, Mohammed G. Barghoth, Mohammed F. Hamza, Mohamed F. Awad, Salah Abdelbary, and Saad El-Din Hassan. 2021. "An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10: 5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105096