Metabolic Dynamics in Short- and Long-Term Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of Metabolic Effects in Altered Gravity
2.2. Identification of Pools of Gravity-Sensitive Metabolites
2.3. Intra-Experiment Comparison Revealed Potential Gravity-Sensitive Metabolic Networks
2.4. An Inter-Experiment Gravity Effect Comparison Identified a Large Gravisensitive Cluster
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. CELLBOX-PRIME/SpaceX CRS3
4.1.1. Preparation of Primary Human Macrophages
4.1.2. Hardware Concept
4.1.3. Experiment Integration and Upload
4.1.4. Experiment Design and Sampling
4.2. TEXUS-54
4.2.1. Isolation and Cryopreservation of Human Monocytes
4.2.2. Preparation of Primary Human Macrophages from Cryopreserved Human Monocytes
4.2.3. Experiment Hardware
4.2.4. Experiment Design, Conduction, and Sampling
- (1)
- Flight-baseline (BL) sample: cell culture supernatant was separated after the hypergravity phase of the suborbital ballistic flight, directly before the microgravity phase, 50 s after launch.
- (2)
- Flight-microgravity (µg) sample: cell culture supernatant was separated after 325 s of microgravity, 375 s after Launch.
- (3)
- 1 g hardware (H/W) ground control BL-time: samples were in the ground-module and cell culture supernatant was separated concomitantly to the Flight-BL sample.
- (4)
- 1 g hardware (H/W) ground control µg -time: samples were in the ground-module and cell culture supernatant was separated concomitantly to the Flight-µg sample.
4.2.5. Rocket Flight Profile
4.3. Metabolomic Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Airbus DS | Airbus Defense and Space |
TEXUS | German: Technologische Experimente unter Schwerelosigkeit |
DLR | German Aerospace Center |
MORABA DLR | Mobile Rocket Base |
SSC | Swedish Space Cooperation |
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Selected Metabolites Occurring in All Datasets | TEXUS-54 hypg | TEXUS-54 µg | CELLBOX-PRIME | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yellow Cluster | 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | + | ++ | ++ |
L-Cysteine | + | + | ||
L-Phenylalanine | + | |||
L-Valine | + | + | ||
Threose | + | + | ||
Pink Cluster | L-Arginine | ++ | ++ | |
myo-Inositole | ++ | ++ | ||
L-Methionine | + | |||
L-Proline | ++ | ++ | + | |
L-Aspartic Acid | ||||
Glycine | + | ++ | ||
Ketoleucine | ++ | ++ | ||
Ornithine | + | + |
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Thiel, C.S.; Vahlensieck, C.; Bradley, T.; Tauber, S.; Lehmann, M.; Ullrich, O. Metabolic Dynamics in Short- and Long-Term Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 6752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136752
Thiel CS, Vahlensieck C, Bradley T, Tauber S, Lehmann M, Ullrich O. Metabolic Dynamics in Short- and Long-Term Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):6752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136752
Chicago/Turabian StyleThiel, Cora S., Christian Vahlensieck, Timothy Bradley, Svantje Tauber, Martin Lehmann, and Oliver Ullrich. 2021. "Metabolic Dynamics in Short- and Long-Term Microgravity in Human Primary Macrophages" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 6752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136752