The Roles of the IGF Axis in the Regulation of the Metabolism: Interaction and Difference between Insulin Receptor Signaling and IGF-I Receptor Signaling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. IGF-I and Insulin Signaling in Metabolic Organs
2.1. IGF-I and Insulin Signaling in the Liver
2.2. IGF-I and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
2.3. IGF-I and Insulin Signaling in Adipose Tissue
2.4. IGF-I and Insulin Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells
2.5. IGF-I and Insulin Signaling in the Brain
3. Metabolic Phenotype in OSI-906 Treated Mice
4. Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tissue | Promoter-Driven Cre | IGF-IRKO | IRKO | DKO |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liver | Albumin | - | severe insulin resistance | - |
(Hepatocyte) | overt severe diabetes | |||
increase in β-cell mass | ||||
liver dysfunction (age-related) | ||||
reduced serum triglycerides and free fatty acids | ||||
Muscle | Creatine kinase | normal body weight | normal body weight | reduced body weight |
normal glucose tolerance | normal glucose tolerance | normal glucose tolerance | ||
normal cardiac performance | impaired cardiac performance | developed heart failure | ||
elevated serum triglycerides and free fatty acids | ||||
ACTA1 | normal body weight | normal body weight | severe muscle atrophy | |
no change in muscle mass | no change in muscle mass | normal glucose tolerance | ||
normal glucose tolerance | normal glucose tolerance | |||
Mef2c | normal body weight | - | - | |
normal serum glucose and triglycerides | ||||
Adipose tissue | Adiponectin | reduced WAT and BAT mass | reduced body weight | reduced body weight |
decreased lipogenic gene expression | reduced WAT and increased BAT mass | reduced WAT and BAT mass | ||
lower plasma leptin and adiponectin level | lower plasma leptin and adiponectin level | lower plasma leptin and adiponectin level | ||
normal glucose tolerance | overt diabetes | overt diabetes | ||
normal insulin tolerance | severe insulin resistance | severe insulin resistance | ||
ectopic lipid accumulation | ectopic lipid accumulation | |||
dyslipidemia | dyslipidemia | |||
pancreatic islet hyperplasia | pancreatic islet hyperplasia | |||
cold intolerance | severe cold intolerance | |||
increased basal energy expenditure | ||||
Pancreatic β-cell | Rat insulin 2 promoter | no change in β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation | reduced β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation | markedly reduced β-cell mass |
impaired glucose- and arginine-induced insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance | impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance | overt diabetes | ||
Brain | Rat nestin promoter | reduced brain size | normal brain size | |
growth retardation | normal growth | |||
behavioral changes | mild obesity | |||
insulin resistance |
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Okuyama, T.; Kyohara, M.; Terauchi, Y.; Shirakawa, J. The Roles of the IGF Axis in the Regulation of the Metabolism: Interaction and Difference between Insulin Receptor Signaling and IGF-I Receptor Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 6817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136817
Okuyama T, Kyohara M, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. The Roles of the IGF Axis in the Regulation of the Metabolism: Interaction and Difference between Insulin Receptor Signaling and IGF-I Receptor Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):6817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136817
Chicago/Turabian StyleOkuyama, Tomoko, Mayu Kyohara, Yasuo Terauchi, and Jun Shirakawa. 2021. "The Roles of the IGF Axis in the Regulation of the Metabolism: Interaction and Difference between Insulin Receptor Signaling and IGF-I Receptor Signaling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 6817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136817