Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Immune Classification by CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical Features and Follow-Up
2.2. CD8+ TILs and Correlation with the Clinical and Survival Data
2.3. TMIT and Correlation with the Clinical and Survival Data
2.4. CD8+ TILs Co-Occurs with Tumoral PD-L1-Positive Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients and Specimens
4.2. Immunohistochemistry
4.3. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Characteristics | All | CD8+ TILs, Intratumoral | CD8+ TILs, Stromal | TMIT | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0% | 1–10% | >10% | p-value | 0% | 1–10% | >10% | p-value | I | II | III | p-value | ||
All | 57 | 7 | 39 | 11 | 1 | 32 | 24 | 11 | 31 | 15 | |||
Gender | 0.244 | 0.548 | 0.555 | ||||||||||
Female | 20 (35) | 4 (57) | 11 (28) | 5 (45) | 0 (0) | 10 (31) | 10 (42) | 5 (45) | 9 (29) | 6 (40) | |||
Male | 37(65) | 3 (43) | 28 (72) | 6 (55) | 1 (100) | 22 (69) | 14 (58) | 6 (55) | 22 (71) | 9 (60) | |||
Tumor site | 0.117 | 0.497 | 0.282 | ||||||||||
Maxillary sinus | 49 (86) | 7 (100) | 31 (80) | 11 (100) | 1 (100) | 26 (81) | 22 (92) | 11 (100) | 25 (81) | 13 (87) | |||
Ethmoid sinus | 8 (14) | 0 (0) | 8 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | 2 (13) | |||
Disease stage | 0.534 | 0.802 | 0.704 | ||||||||||
I | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |||
II | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | |||
III | 17 (30) | 4 (57) | 11 (28) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 11 (34) | 6 (25) | 2 (18) | 10 (32) | 5 (33) | |||
IVa | 25 (44) | 3 (43) | 15 (38) | 7 (64) | 1 (100) | 14 (44) | 10 (42) | 7 (64) | 11 (36) | 7 (47) | |||
IVb | 11 (19) | 0 (0) | 9 (23) | 2 (18) | 0 | 4 (13) | 7 (29) | 2 (18) | 6 (19) | 3 (20) | |||
Differentiation | 0.828 | 0.525 | 0.712 | ||||||||||
Good | 22 (39) | 4 (57) | 14 (36) | 4 (36) | 1 (100) | 10 (31) | 11 (46) | 4 (36) | 14 (45) | 4 (27) | |||
Moderate | 13 (22) | 1 (14) | 10 (26) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | 9 (28) | 4 (17) | 2 (18) | 6 (19) | 5 (33) | |||
Poor | 22 (39) | 2 (29) | 15 (38) | 5 (46) | 0 (0) | 13 (41) | 9 (37) | 5 (46) | 11 (36) | 6 (40) | |||
Recurrence | 0.084 | 0.564 | 0.087 | ||||||||||
No | 13 (23) | 1 (14) | 12 (31) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | 7 (29) | 0 (0) | 10 (32) | 3 (20) | |||
Yes | 44 (77) | 6 (86) | 27 (69) | 11 (100) | 1 (100) | 26 (81) | 17 (71) | 11 (100) | 21 (68) | 12 (80) | |||
Metastasis | 0.372 | 0.931 | 0.569 | ||||||||||
No | 50 (88) | 5 (71) | 35 (90) | 10 (91) | 1 (100) | 28 (88) | 21 (87) | 10 (91) | 28 (90) | 12 (80) | |||
Yes | 7 (12) | 2 (29) | 4 (10) | 1 (9) | 0 (0) | 4 (12) | 3 (13) | 1 (9) | 3 (10) | 3 (20) | |||
Patient status | 0.449 | 0.790 | 0.252 | ||||||||||
Alive | 8 (14) | 1(14) | 6 (15) | 1 (9) | 0 (0) | 4 (12) | 4 (17) | 1 (9) | 6 (19) | 1 (6) | |||
Died of the disease | 41 (72) | 4 (57) | 27 (70) | 10 (91) | 1 (100) | 22 (69) | 18 (75) | 10 (91) | 21 (68) | 10 (67) | |||
Died of other causes | 8 (14) | 2 (29) | 6 (15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (13) | 4 (27) |
Score | PD-L1-Expressing Tumor Cells | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Negative | Positive | p-value | ||
CD8+ TILs | Negative (0%) | 6 | 1 | |
Low (1–10%) | 25 | 14 | 0.000 | |
High (>10%) | 0 | 11 |
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García-Marín, R.; Reda, S.; Riobello, C.; Cabal, V.N.; Suárez-Fernández, L.; Vivanco, B.; Álvarez-Marcos, C.; López, F.; Llorente, J.L.; Hermsen, M.A. Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Immune Classification by CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 6926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136926
García-Marín R, Reda S, Riobello C, Cabal VN, Suárez-Fernández L, Vivanco B, Álvarez-Marcos C, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Immune Classification by CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):6926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136926
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Marín, Rocío, Sara Reda, Cristina Riobello, Virginia N. Cabal, Laura Suárez-Fernández, Blanca Vivanco, César Álvarez-Marcos, Fernando López, José L. Llorente, and Mario A. Hermsen. 2021. "Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Immune Classification by CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 6926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136926