Combinatorial Treatment of Tinzaparin and Chemotherapy Can Induce a Significant Antitumor Effect in Pancreatic Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Tinzaparin Enhances the Anti-Tumor Effect of Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine in mtKRAS PC Cell Lines
2.2. Stimulation of Apoptotic Pathways Results to Decreased Cell Survival
2.3. In Vivo Experiments with N0D/SCID Mouse Model Injected Heterotopically with Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Shows That Tinzaparin Administration Acts Synergistically with Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Provides a Significant Tumor Reduction
2.4. Immunofluorescence with PCNA Shows That the Triple Combination Has Significant Reduction in Cell Proliferation in Mouse Xenografts
2.5. Stimulation of Apoptotic Pathways Is One of the Mechanisms Leading to Tumor Reduction In Vivo
2.6. Triple Drug Combination Negatively Affects Tumor Neoangiogenesis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Lines
4.2. Cell Viability—XTT Assay
4.3. Western Blotting
4.4. In Vivo Experiments
4.5. Immunohistochemistry
4.6. Immunofluorescence
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sarantis, P.; Bokas, A.; Papadimitropoulou, A.; Koustas, E.; Theocharis, S.; Papakotoulas, P.; Schizas, D.; Papalampros, A.; Felekouras, E.; Papavassiliou, A.G.; et al. Combinatorial Treatment of Tinzaparin and Chemotherapy Can Induce a Significant Antitumor Effect in Pancreatic Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137053
Sarantis P, Bokas A, Papadimitropoulou A, Koustas E, Theocharis S, Papakotoulas P, Schizas D, Papalampros A, Felekouras E, Papavassiliou AG, et al. Combinatorial Treatment of Tinzaparin and Chemotherapy Can Induce a Significant Antitumor Effect in Pancreatic Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137053
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarantis, Panagiotis, Alexandros Bokas, Adriana Papadimitropoulou, Evangelos Koustas, Stamatios Theocharis, Pavlos Papakotoulas, Dimitrios Schizas, Alexandros Papalampros, Evangelos Felekouras, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, and et al. 2021. "Combinatorial Treatment of Tinzaparin and Chemotherapy Can Induce a Significant Antitumor Effect in Pancreatic Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137053