Differential Response to Single and Combined Salt and Heat Stresses: Impact on Accumulation of Proteins and Metabolites in Dead Pericarps of Brassica juncea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Growth Conditions and Exposure to Stress
2.2. Proteome Analysis
2.3. Primary Metabolites Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Maternal Environment on Protein Accumulation in Dead Pericarps: Proteome Analysis
3.2. Single and Combined Stresses Alter Primary Metabolites Accumulated in Dead Pericarps
3.3. Correlation between Metabolites and Proteins
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Amino Acids | FC (S/C) | p-(S/C) | FC (HS/C) | p-(HS/C) | FC (SHS/C) | p-(SHS/C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alanine | 19.2926 | 4.46 × 10−11 | 2.52061 | 7.19 × 10−4 | 3.05894 | 1.026 × 10−4 |
Asparagine | −1.12148 | 8.06 × 10−1 | −2.28305 | 8.82 × 10−2 | −2.25804 | 9.23 × 10−2 |
Aspartic acid | −1.94888 | 3.23 × 10−10 | −3.7717 | 9.29 × 10−16 | −3.8614 | 6.62 × 10−16 |
Glutamic acid | 1.14699 | 1.59 × 10−1 | −1.45126 | 7.60 × 10−4 | −1.22451 | 4.33 × 10−2 |
Glycine | 4.02944 | 5.6 × 10−9 | 1.15841 | 3.2 × 10−1 | 2.79745 | 6.53 × 10−7 |
Isoleucine | 1.22608 | 1.045 × 10−4 | −2.6079 | 9.85 × 10−16 | 1.13231 | 8.14 × 10−3 |
Leucine | −20.6648 | 2.47 × 10−22 | −1.9999 | 4.23 × 10−10 | −1.70454 | 3.38 × 10−8 |
Lysine | 11.5683 | 1.17 × 10−12 | 6.32415 | 1.97 × 10−10 | −2.1936 | 6.81 × 10−5 |
Methionine | 4.1542 | 9.15 × 10−10 | 2.54212 | 7.8 × 10−7 | 1.53483 | 4.14 × 10−3 |
Phenylalanine | −1.00857 | 9.129 × 10−1 | 1.25066 | 8.79 × 10−3 | −1.36008 | 7.17 × 10−4 |
Proline | 74.2138 | 5.01 × 10−10 | 6.90514 | 6.92 × 10−5 | 2.92048 | 1.17 × 10−2 |
Serine | 7.96858 | 5.73 × 10−14 | 1.81162 | 3.92 × 10−5 | −1.0454 | 6.99 × 10−1 |
Threonine | 1.33931 | 1.14 × 10−7 | −1.97091 | 4.29 × 10−14 | 1.58649 | 5.3 × 10−11 |
Tryptophan | 3.97328 | 1.17 × 10−5 | 7.35323 | 5.84 × 10−8 | 2.06643 | 6.43 × 10−3 |
Tyrosine | 4.62252 | 7.6 × 10−5 | 1.62435 | 1.31× 10−1 | −1.97086 | 4.00 × 10−2 |
Valine | 2.73897 | 6.46 × 10−4 | 1.28322 | 3.29 × 10−1 | 1.46609 | 1.41 × 10−1 |
TCA intermediates | ||||||
Citric acid | −3.46997 | 8.32 × 10−17 | −4.02513 | 9.25 × 10−18 | −3.06975 | 6.21 × 10−16 |
Fumaric acid | −3.95859 | 6.4 × 10−9 | −2.49273 | 3.28 × 10−6 | −2.39499 | 6.01 × 10−6 |
Malic acid | −5.83132 | 9.27 × 10−21 | −2.67643 | 8.36 × 10−16 | −2.72549 | 5.87 × 10−16 |
Succinic acid | −3.7801 | 1.58 × 10−17 | −3.25029 | 1.65 × 10−16 | −1.40852 | 5.45 × 10−7 |
Sugars | ||||||
CellobioseD | −4.05546 | 1.03 × 10−14 | 14.7441 | 3.03 × 10−20 | 49.1817 | 1.98 × 10−23 |
Fructose | 1.10372 | 4.36 × 10−2 | −1.5159 | 1.57 × 10−8 | −1.19213 | 1.03 × 10−3 |
Glucose | 1.83712 | 2.26 × 10−4 | −1.82724 | 2.48 × 10−4 | 1.15139 | 3.10 × 10−1 |
Isomaltose | −3.84895 | 8.46 × 10−4 | 7.46703 | 1.01 × 10−5 | 20.625 | 2.57 × 10−8 |
Maltose | 1.96725 | 2.26 × 10−12 | 2.53343 | 5.7 × 10−15 | 10.0327 | 1.05 × 10−22 |
Mannitol | 1.75857 | 8.02 × 10−10 | −2.03151 | 1.43 × 10−11 | 1.59146 | 2.08 × 10−8 |
Raffinose | 1.45761 | 4.10 × 10−1 | 1.99953 | 1.37 × 10−1 | 2.05081 | 1.24 × 10−1 |
Rhamnose | −1.91282 | 1.48 × 10−2 | 2.26868 | 3.063 × 10−3 | 7.01187 | 1.15 × 10−7 |
Sorbitol | 17.897 | 4.48 × 10−10 | 4.11097 | 2.23 × 10−5 | 18.2656 | 3.97 × 10−10 |
Sucrose | −1.89317 | 8.65 × 10−10 | 1.05925 | 3.42 × 10−1 | 1.05054 | 4.14 × 10−1 |
Trehalose | −6.46999 | 3.69 × 10−10 | −1.2477 | 1.94 × 10−1 | −1.80302 | 1.87 × 10−3 |
Affected | Salt/Control (FC) | HS/Control (FC) | SHS/Control (FC) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proteins/ID | Metabolite | P | M | P | M | P | M |
TCA cycle | |||||||
Aconitase/M4DTK2 | Citrate | 3.27 | −3.469 | nc | −4.02 | 3.29 | −3.07 |
Fumarate hydratase/M4CJR6 | Fumarate | 9.98 | −3.9 | nc | −2.49 | 6.925 | −2.39 |
Malate dehydrogenase/M4FEZ0 | Malate | 5.56 | −5.83 | 7.757 | −2.67 | 15.41 | −2.72 |
Amino acids | |||||||
P5CSA/M4CLC5 | Proline | 58.9 | 74.2 | −2.343 | 6.9 | 33.39 | 2.92 |
SHMT/M4D5N9 | Glycine | 16 | 4 | nc | nc | 12.07 | 2.79 |
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Singiri, J.R.; Swetha, B.; Sikron-Persi, N.; Grafi, G. Differential Response to Single and Combined Salt and Heat Stresses: Impact on Accumulation of Proteins and Metabolites in Dead Pericarps of Brassica juncea. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137076
Singiri JR, Swetha B, Sikron-Persi N, Grafi G. Differential Response to Single and Combined Salt and Heat Stresses: Impact on Accumulation of Proteins and Metabolites in Dead Pericarps of Brassica juncea. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137076
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingiri, Jeevan R., Bupur Swetha, Noga Sikron-Persi, and Gideon Grafi. 2021. "Differential Response to Single and Combined Salt and Heat Stresses: Impact on Accumulation of Proteins and Metabolites in Dead Pericarps of Brassica juncea" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137076