Repair Mechanisms of the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on VEGF
Abstract
:1. Overview of Repair Mechanisms Following Brain Damage
2. Mechanisms Associated with the Neurovascular Unit Underlying Acute and Chronic Stroke
2.1. Neurovascular Damage Due to Acute and Chronic Stroke
2.1.1. Neurovascular Damage within Hours
2.1.2. Neurovascular Damage within Days
2.1.3. Neurovascular Damage within Weeks
2.2. Regeneration
2.2.1. Neurons/NSCs
2.2.2. Endothelial Cells (ECs)
2.2.3. Astrocytes
2.2.4. Pericytes
2.2.5. Microglia/Macrophage
2.2.6. Oligodendrocytes
3. Neurovascular Repair
3.1. Stem Cell Therapy
3.1.1. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
3.1.2. Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs)
3.1.3. Neural Stem Cells (NSCs)
3.2. Gaseous Biomolecules
3.2.1. NO
3.2.2. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
4. Discussions/Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Moon, S.; Chang, M.-S.; Koh, S.-H.; Choi, Y.K. Repair Mechanisms of the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on VEGF. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168543
Moon S, Chang M-S, Koh S-H, Choi YK. Repair Mechanisms of the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on VEGF. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168543
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoon, Sunhong, Mi-Sook Chang, Seong-Ho Koh, and Yoon Kyung Choi. 2021. "Repair Mechanisms of the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on VEGF" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168543