A New Glycosyltransferase Enzyme from Family 91, UGT91P3, Is Responsible for the Final Glucosylation Step of Crocins in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Dentification of Candidate Glycosyltransferases by Expression Analyses, Crocins Accumulation and Co-Expression with UGT74AD1
2.2. UGT91P3 Catalyzes the Formation of Crocins with Three, Four and Five Glucose Molecules
2.3. Three Alleles of UGT91P3 Are Expressed in Stigmas and Showed Differential Activity
2.4. Interaction between UGT91P3 and UGT74AD1 Revealed by Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) Analysis
2.5. In Planta Assessment of UGT91P3 and UGT74AD1 Activities
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Chemicals
4.3. Cloning of C. sativus cDNAs
4.4. Protein Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis
4.5. Topology Alignment
4.6. RNA Isolation and RT-qPCR Analysis
4.7. HPLC-DAD Analysis of Crocins in Saffron Stigmas
4.8. Heterologous Expression of UGT91P3 in E. coli and In Vitro Assays
4.9. Transient Expression in N. benthamiana Leaves
4.10. LC-DAD-HESI-HRMS Analysis of Crocins in UGT Assays
4.11. Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) Analysis
4.12. Data Integration
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | RT | M/Z |
---|---|---|
t-4GG | 11.17 | 977.38590 [M + H], 994.41250 [M + NH4] |
t-3Gg | 12.05 | 815.33310 [M + H], 832.35970 [M + NH4] |
t-2gg | 13.14 | 653.28030 [M + H], 670.30690 [M + NH4] |
c-5nG | 13.91 | 1156.46530 [M + H] |
c-4GG | 14.50 | 977.38590 [M + H], 994.41250 [M + NH4] |
t-2gg | 15.05 | 653.28030 [M + H], 670.30690 [M + NH4] |
c-3Gg | 15.55 | 815.33310 [M + H], 832.35970 [M + NH4] |
t-1g | 16.75 | 491.22750 [M + H], 508.25410 [M + NH4] |
t-1g | 20.48 | 491.22750 [M + H], 508.25410 [M + NH4] |
t-crocetin | 19.93 | 329.17470 [M + H] |
c-crocetin | 22.49 | 329.17470 [M + H] |
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López-jimenez, A.J.; Frusciante, S.; Niza, E.; Ahrazem, O.; Rubio-Moraga, Á.; Diretto, G.; Gómez-Gómez, L. A New Glycosyltransferase Enzyme from Family 91, UGT91P3, Is Responsible for the Final Glucosylation Step of Crocins in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168815
López-jimenez AJ, Frusciante S, Niza E, Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga Á, Diretto G, Gómez-Gómez L. A New Glycosyltransferase Enzyme from Family 91, UGT91P3, Is Responsible for the Final Glucosylation Step of Crocins in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168815
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-jimenez, Alberto José, Sarah Frusciante, Enrique Niza, Oussama Ahrazem, Ángela Rubio-Moraga, Gianfranco Diretto, and Lourdes Gómez-Gómez. 2021. "A New Glycosyltransferase Enzyme from Family 91, UGT91P3, Is Responsible for the Final Glucosylation Step of Crocins in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8815. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168815