Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Induces Brain Insulin Resistance: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanning Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Determination of Glucose Uptake in TBI Mice Brains Following Single and Repeated Induction
2.2. Determination of Functional Outcomes in TBI Mice following Single and Repeated Induction
2.2.1. Rota Rod Test
2.2.2. Beam Walk Test
2.2.3. Open Field Exploratory Test
2.2.4. Novel Location Recognition Test
2.3. Measurement of Plasma PrPc Level in TBI Mice following Single and Repeated Induction
2.4. Validation of PrPc, Flotillin, CAP, APS and TC10 Proteins in Lipid Raft Region of TBI Mice Brains Following Single and Repeated Induction
2.5. Interaction between the PrPc, Flotillin and CAP in TBI Mice Brains Following Single and Repeated Induction
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Animal Husbandry
4.3. Experimental Design
4.4. Evaluation of Glucose Uptake in Mouse Brains Using MicroPET/CT Imaging
4.5. Motor Function Tests
4.5.1. Rota Rod Test
4.5.2. Beam Walk Test
4.5.3. Open Field Test
4.6. Cognitive Function-Novel Location Recognition Test
4.7. Measurement of Plasma PrPc Level
4.8. Isolation of Lipid Raft
4.9. Co-Immunoprecipitation and Immunoblotting
4.10. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sekar, S.; Viswas, R.S.; Miranzadeh Mahabadi, H.; Alizadeh, E.; Fonge, H.; Taghibiglou, C. Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Induces Brain Insulin Resistance: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanning Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169005
Sekar S, Viswas RS, Miranzadeh Mahabadi H, Alizadeh E, Fonge H, Taghibiglou C. Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Induces Brain Insulin Resistance: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanning Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169005
Chicago/Turabian StyleSekar, Sathiya, Raja Solomon Viswas, Hajar Miranzadeh Mahabadi, Elahe Alizadeh, Humphrey Fonge, and Changiz Taghibiglou. 2021. "Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Induces Brain Insulin Resistance: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanning Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169005