COPD, Pulmonary Fibrosis and ILAs in Aging Smokers: The Paradox of Striking Different Responses to the Major Risk Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
3. Interstitial Lung Abnormalities and Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema
4. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
5. Aging-Related Pathways in COPD and IPF
6. Genetic Susceptibility to IPF and COPD
7. Severe Exacerbations of COPD, IPF, and Other Interstitial Lung Diseases
8. Severe Exacerbations of COPD
9. Severe Exacerbations of ILD
10. Exacerbations of CPFE
11. Conclusions and Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Beghé, B.; Cerri, S.; Fabbri, L.M.; Marchioni, A. COPD, Pulmonary Fibrosis and ILAs in Aging Smokers: The Paradox of Striking Different Responses to the Major Risk Factors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179292
Beghé B, Cerri S, Fabbri LM, Marchioni A. COPD, Pulmonary Fibrosis and ILAs in Aging Smokers: The Paradox of Striking Different Responses to the Major Risk Factors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(17):9292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179292
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeghé, Bianca, Stefania Cerri, Leonardo M. Fabbri, and Alessandro Marchioni. 2021. "COPD, Pulmonary Fibrosis and ILAs in Aging Smokers: The Paradox of Striking Different Responses to the Major Risk Factors" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17: 9292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179292