IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia

Martín, Ana Isabel; Priego, Teresa; Moreno-Ruperez, Álvaro; González-Hedström, Daniel; Granado, Miriam; López-Calderón, Asunción

doi:10.3390/ijms22179469

Open AccessReview

IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia

by

Ana Isabel Martín

^1,†

,

Teresa Priego

^2,†

,

Álvaro Moreno-Ruperez

¹,

Daniel González-Hedström

^3,4

,

Miriam Granado

^3,5

and

Asunción López-Calderón

^1,*

¹

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

²

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

³

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

⁴

Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain

⁵

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9469; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179469

Submission received: 10 July 2021 / Revised: 5 August 2021 / Accepted: 28 August 2021 / Published: 31 August 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Response to Endotoxin)

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Abstract

Inflammation induces a wide response of the neuroendocrine system, which leads to modifications in all the endocrine axes. The hypothalamic–growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis is deeply affected by inflammation, its response being characterized by GH resistance and a decrease in circulating levels of IGF-1. The endocrine and metabolic responses to inflammation allow the organism to survive. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, the inhibition of the hypothalamic–GH–IGF-1 axis contributes to the catabolic process, with skeletal muscle atrophy and cachexia. Here, we review the changes in pituitary GH secretion, IGF-1, and IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), as well as the mechanism that mediated those responses. The contribution of GH and IGF-1 to muscle wasting during inflammation has also been analyzed.

Keywords: GH; IGF-1; IGFBP-3; sepsis; inflammation; muscle wasting; glucocorticoids; cytokines; nitric oxide; cachexia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martín, A.I.; Priego, T.; Moreno-Ruperez, Á.; González-Hedström, D.; Granado, M.; López-Calderón, A. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179469

AMA Style

Martín AI, Priego T, Moreno-Ruperez Á, González-Hedström D, Granado M, López-Calderón A. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(17):9469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179469

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martín, Ana Isabel, Teresa Priego, Álvaro Moreno-Ruperez, Daniel González-Hedström, Miriam Granado, and Asunción López-Calderón. 2021. "IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17: 9469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179469

APA Style

Martín, A. I., Priego, T., Moreno-Ruperez, Á., González-Hedström, D., Granado, M., & López-Calderón, A. (2021). IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(17), 9469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179469

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Inflammatory Cachexia

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