Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Physicochemical Properties of GSL-Enriched Microdomains
3. GSL-Enriched Microdomains as Regulators of Immune Receptor Signaling
4. GSL-Enriched Microdomains in Immune Functions
5. GSLs and Their Antibodies
6. GSL-Enriched Microdomain-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy
7. GSLs as Immunomodulators
8. GSL-Enriched Microdomains as Entry Sites for Pathogens and Toxins
9. Intracellular Interactions between GSL-Enriched Microdomains and Pathogens
10. Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GSLs | Co-Receptors | Cell Type | Immune Signaling | Ref. No. |
---|---|---|---|---|
GlcCer | TLR4 | Macrophages | Impact on LPS/TLR4 orientation and Mal-associated signaling | [47] |
GA1 | TLR5 | Lung epithelial cells NCIH292 | Flagellin-mediated autocrine release of ATP | [49] |
GD1a | TLR2/TLR1 | Monocytes | LT-IIb-B5-mediated NFκB activation | [50] |
LacCer | CD11b/CD18 | Neutrophils | Lyn and Akt activations, and the resulting phagocytosis of zymosan and mycobacteria | [20,51] |
Gb3Cer | CD59 | Lung epithelial cells H1299 | PIP3 and flotillin-associated uptake of P. aeruginosa | [52] |
Neolacto-series GSLs | MHC class I | HAP1 cells | Interference of the accessibility of MHC class I molecules for immune cell receptors and the resulting suppression of CD8+ T-cell activation | [53] |
GM1, GM3 | CD4, LFA-1 | T-cell line | PI3K and p56lck-associated T-cell responses | [54] |
a-Series gangliosides | CD4, TCR | T cells | Helper T-cell activation | [55] |
Asialo-series gangliosides | CD8, TCR | T cells | Killer T-cell activation | [55] |
GM1 | IgM-BCR | Immature B cells | Removal of autoreactive immature B cells (apoptosis) | [56] |
GM3 | CD95/Fas | T cells | Formation of death-inducing signaling complex upon CD95/Fas engagement (apoptosis) | [57] |
GSLs | Immune Functions | Ref. No. |
---|---|---|
GM1, GD1a, GD1b | Inhibition of TLRs (TLR2, 3, 4, 6 and 7/8)-mediated IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α production in monocytes and immature DCs | [110] |
GM1, GD1a | Inhibition of LPS-induced biological effects in PC12 and epithelial cells | [111] |
SM4 | Inhibition of LPS-induced TLR4 colocalization with CTxB-positive ganglioside-rich microdomains and HMGB1 secretion in Raw 264.7 cells | [112] |
Gb4Cer | Inhibition of LPS binding to TLR4 and attenuation of TLR4-MD-2-mediated LPS signaling in vascular endothelial cells | [113] |
Gb3Cer/Gb4Cer | Enhancement of TLR4-mediated inflammation in mouse BMDMs and human monocytes | [114] |
GM3 (C22:0, C24:0 or hC24:0 fatty acid) | Enhancement of LPS/HMGB1-associated TLR4 signaling in monocytes | [115] |
GM3 (C16:0, C18:0 or C24:1 fatty acid) | Inhibition of LPS/HMGB1-associated TLR4 signaling in monocytes | [115] |
SM4 (C12 or C16 fatty acid) | Activation of TLR4-MD-2 in mouse macrophages | [116] |
SM4 (C12 or C16 fatty acid) | Antagonizing effect on TLR4-MD-2 activation in human macrophage-like PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells | [116] |
β-GlcCer | Immunostimulatory factor upon cell damage, endogenous ligand for Mincle | [117] |
LacCer (C24:0 or C24:1 fatty acid) | Enhancement of activated Lyn-mediated neutrophil functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis and superoxide generation) in DMSO-treated HL-60 cells | [18,20,51,61] |
LacCer (C24:0 or C24:1 fatty acid) | Induction of β-glucan binding-dependent SHP-1 phosphorylation through Lyn and the resulting reduction of FcγRIIA affinity in DMF-treated HL-60 cells | [118] |
Gangliosides | Facilitation of the development of regulatory T-cell activity in murine BMDCs | [119] |
Gangliosides (tumor derived) | Inhibition of lytic function in CD8+ CTLs | [120] |
Gangliosides | Cooperative role with IFN-γ to inhibit the immnostimulatory activity of DCs | [121] |
GQ1b | Facilitation of T-cell-mediated cytokine production, which possibly involves indirect enhancement of B-cell production of Ig | [122] |
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Yokoyama, N.; Hanafusa, K.; Hotta, T.; Oshima, E.; Iwabuchi, K.; Nakayama, H. Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179565
Yokoyama N, Hanafusa K, Hotta T, Oshima E, Iwabuchi K, Nakayama H. Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(17):9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179565
Chicago/Turabian StyleYokoyama, Noriko, Kei Hanafusa, Tomomi Hotta, Eriko Oshima, Kazuhisa Iwabuchi, and Hitoshi Nakayama. 2021. "Multiplicity of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomain-Driven Immune Signaling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17: 9565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179565