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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22020728
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Review

Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

by
Changxi Yin
,
Yanchun Zhu
,
Xuefei Li
and
Yongjun Lin
*
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(2), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728
Submission received: 24 December 2020 / Revised: 9 January 2021 / Accepted: 11 January 2021 / Published: 13 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Rice: Agronomically Important Traits 2.0)
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Abstract

Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets). The molecular genetic basis of GNPP determination is complex, and it is regulated by numerous interlinked genes. In this review, panicle development and the determination of GNPP is described briefly, and GNPP-related genes that influence its determination are categorised according to their regulatory mechanisms. We introduce genes related to rachis branch development and their regulation of GNPP, genes related to phase transition (from rachis branch meristem to spikelet meristem) and their regulation of GNPP, and genes related to spikelet specialisation and their regulation of GNPP. In addition, we describe other GNPP-related genes and their regulation of GNPP. Research on GNPP determination suggests that it is possible to cultivate rice varieties with higher grain yield by modifying GNPP-related genes.
Keywords: grain number per panicle; grain yield; phase transition; rachis branch; rice panicle; spikelet specialisation grain number per panicle; grain yield; phase transition; rachis branch; rice panicle; spikelet specialisation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yin, C.; Zhu, Y.; Li, X.; Lin, Y. Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728

AMA Style

Yin C, Zhu Y, Li X, Lin Y. Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):728. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yin, Changxi, Yanchun Zhu, Xuefei Li, and Yongjun Lin. 2021. "Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728

APA Style

Yin, C., Zhu, Y., Li, X., & Lin, Y. (2021). Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020728

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