The Interplay between Angiopoietin-Like Proteins and Adipose Tissue: Another Piece of the Relationship between Adiposopathy and Cardiometabolic Diseases?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Adipose Tissue Subtypes and Their Main Functions
2.1. WAT
2.2. BAT
2.3. Beige Adipose Tissue
3. Adipose Tissue Dysfunctions
4. ANGPTLs
4.1. Role of the ANGPTL3-4-8 System in Regulating Triglycerides (TGs) Trafficking
4.2. Role of the ANGPTL3-4-8 System in Regulating Adipose Tissue Function
5. Clinical Conditions Linking ANGPTLs and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction
5.1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Resistant State
5.2. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
5.3. Lipodystrophy
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T2DM | Obesity | NASH/NAFLD | Lipodystrophy | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ANGPTL3 | ↑ in T2DM vs. obese non-T2DM. b | Unchanged b | Non-increased in NAFLD, higher levels in advanced levels of NASH. b ↑ in conditions of metabolic inflammation. b ↓ in lipodystrophic patients in treatment with metreleptin. b | High levels of ANGPTL3 in untreated patients. b Consistent ANGPTL3 reduction in leptin-replacement therapy. b |
ANGPTL4 | ↑ in T2DM vs. obese non-T2DM. b | ↑ Obesity vs. normal BMI. b Reflects adipose tissue dysfunction. b | Unchanged b | Unchanged b |
ANGPTL8 | ↑↑ in glycometabolism impairment. b Induced by insulin. a Related with serum LDL-c, TGs and HDL-c inversely. b | Unchanged in case of glycometabolism compensation. b | Associated with grade of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. a | Associated with grade of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in leptin deficient mouse. a Unresearched in Human. b |
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Bini, S.; D’Erasmo, L.; Di Costanzo, A.; Minicocci, I.; Pecce, V.; Arca, M. The Interplay between Angiopoietin-Like Proteins and Adipose Tissue: Another Piece of the Relationship between Adiposopathy and Cardiometabolic Diseases? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020742
Bini S, D’Erasmo L, Di Costanzo A, Minicocci I, Pecce V, Arca M. The Interplay between Angiopoietin-Like Proteins and Adipose Tissue: Another Piece of the Relationship between Adiposopathy and Cardiometabolic Diseases? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020742
Chicago/Turabian StyleBini, Simone, Laura D’Erasmo, Alessia Di Costanzo, Ilenia Minicocci, Valeria Pecce, and Marcello Arca. 2021. "The Interplay between Angiopoietin-Like Proteins and Adipose Tissue: Another Piece of the Relationship between Adiposopathy and Cardiometabolic Diseases?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020742