Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. GF-EPS Preparation and Characterization
2.2. Cell Viability of LLC1 Cells Treated with GF-EPS
2.3. Effects of GF-EPS on Tumor-Bearing Mice
2.4. Cell Population in the Spleen
2.5. Cytokine Gene Expression in the Spleen
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. GF-EPS Preparation
4.2. GF-EPS Characterization
4.3. Cytotoxicity of GF-EPS on Mouse LLC1
4.4. Effects of GF-EPS on Tumor-Bearing Mice
4.5. Cell Population Analysis by Flow Cytometry
4.6. Quantitative RT-PCR
4.7. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes | Primer Sequence |
---|---|
IL-2 | F: 5′-GCCCCAAGGGCTCAAAAATG-3′ R: 5′-GCGCTTACTTTGTGCTGTCC-3′ |
IL-3 | F: 5′-GCCAGGGGTCTTCATTCGAG-3′ R: 5′-TTCCACGGTTCCACGGTTAG-3′ |
IL-4 | F: 5′-GATCCCCGGGCAGAGC-3′ R: 5′-TGTCGCATCCGTGGATATGG-3′ |
IL-6 | F: 5′-GCCTTCTTGGGACTGATGCT-3′ R: 5′-GACAGGTCTGTTGGGAGTGG-3′ |
IL-7 | F: 5′-GCTGCAGTCCCAGTCATCA-3′ R: 5′-TGTGACAGGCAGCAGAACAA-3′ |
IL-10 | F: 5′-GCTCTTGCACTACCAAAGCC-3′ R: 5′-CTGCTGATCCTCATGCCAGT-3′ |
IL-12 | F: 5′-CGCCCTCCTCACACAGATAG-3′ R: 5′-ATGCAGCCTCGGGTATTCTG-3′ |
IL-15 | F: 5′-GGGATCCTGCTGTGTTTGGA-3′ R: 5′-AGCAAGGACCATGAAGAGGC-3′ |
IL-18 | F: 5′-ATGCTTTCTGGACTCCTGCC-3′ R: 5′-ATTGTTCCTGGGCCAAGAGG-3′ |
M-CSF | F: 5′-TCAAAGGGTGGGACAGCATC-3′ R: 5′-GTCTCCCTCCTTCCTGGCTA-3′ |
IFN-α | F: 5′-GTTGGAAAGTTAGAGGAGGGCA-3′ R: 5′-TGCTCCTTCCCCTCTAGGTC-3′ |
IFN-γ | F: 5′-ACTGTGATTGCGGGGTTGTA-3′ R: 5′-ACATTCGAGTGCTGTCTGGC-3′ |
Foxp3 | F: 5′-ACTGACCAAGGCTTCATCTGTG-3′ R: 5′-GGAACTCTGGGAATGTGCTGT-3′ |
Notch1 | F: 5′-CCGGTGAGACCTGCCTGAAT-3′ R: 5′-GCACTTGTACTCCGTCAGCG-3′ |
GAPDH | F: 5′-TCAACAGCAACTCCCACTCTTCCA-3′ R: 5′-ACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCGTATTCA-3′ |
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Kuo, H.-C.; Liu, Y.-W.; Lum, C.-C.; Hsu, K.-D.; Lin, S.-P.; Hsieh, C.-W.; Lin, H.-W.; Lu, T.-Y.; Cheng, K.-C. Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011251
Kuo H-C, Liu Y-W, Lum C-C, Hsu K-D, Lin S-P, Hsieh C-W, Lin H-W, Lu T-Y, Cheng K-C. Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(20):11251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011251
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuo, Hsing-Chun, Yen-Wenn Liu, Chi-Chin Lum, Kai-Di Hsu, Shin-Ping Lin, Chang-Wei Hsieh, Hui-Wen Lin, Tze-Ying Lu, and Kuan-Chen Cheng. 2021. "Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20: 11251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011251