Evidence of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in the Parasitic Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum—Sensing the Host Environment and Coupling within Its Molecular Signaling Toolkit
Abstract
:1. An Overview of GPCRs in Multicellular Eukaryotes
2. Molecular Machinery for Cellular Signaling in Plasmodium Genus
3. In Silico Studies for the Identification of GPCR Candidates in Plasmodium falciparum
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Protein | H. sapiens 1 | P. falciparum |
---|---|---|
GRK | AAA58620; AAA60175 | - |
Gα | AAC50363; NP_002064; AAH87537 | - 2 |
Gβ | AAA35922 | - |
Gγ | AAC39869; AAK53385 | - |
Adenylate cyclase | CAA84552 | PF3D7_1404600 |
Guanylyl cyclase | NP_000848 | PF3D7_1360500 |
Phosphodiesterase | AAA03592 | PF3D7_1321500 |
Phospholipase C | AAA60112 | PF3D7_1013500 |
PKC | EAW89014 | - |
PKA | AAC41690 | PF3D7_0934800 |
β-Arrestin | AAH03636; AAH67368 | - |
Clathrin | NP_009029; NP_001825 | PF3D7_1435500; PF3D7_1219100 |
MAPK | NP_002736 | PF3D7_1113900 |
EPAC | NP_001362802 | PF3D7_1417400 |
IP3 receptor | NP_002215 | - |
SR1 | SR10 | SR12 | SR25 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SIZE (AA) | 773 | 655 | 470 | 357 |
N TERMINAL LENGTH | 508 | 381 | 232 | 51 |
C TERMINAL LENGTH | 23 | 35 | 18 | 9 |
PREDICTED CLEAVAGE SITE | - | 30–31 (SNG-QL) | 21–22 (YYL-TK) | 28–29 (VFT-AF) |
7 TRANSMEMBRANEREGION | 509–750 | 382–620 | 233–452 | 217–440 |
PREDICTED CLASSIFICATION | Class C | Class A | - | Class A |
SIGNAL PEPTIDE (SIGNALP 3.0) | no | yes | yes | yes |
SIGNAL PEPTIDE (SIGNALP 5.0) | no | no | no | no |
SIGNAL PEPTIDE (PHOBIUS) | no | no 1 | no 1 | yes |
TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS | 7 | 8 2 | 7 | 8 2 |
EXPRESSED MAINLY IN (STAGES) 3 | Schizont, gametocytes, ookinete | Ring, schizont, gametocytes | Trophozoite, schizont, gametocyte, ookinete | Ring, trophozoite, schizont, gametocyte |
FOUND IN (SPECIES) 3,4 | P. falciparum, P. reichenowi | P. falciparum, P. reichenowi, P. berghei, P. chabaudi, P. gallinaceum, P. knowlesi, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax | P. falciparum, P. berghei, P. chabaudi, P. cynomolgi, P. gallinaceum, P. knowlesi, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. reichenowi, P. vivax, P. yoelii | P. falciparum, P. berghei, P. gallinaceum, P. knowlesi, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. reichenowi, P. vivax |
KO PHENOTYPE | Slow growth rate | Slow growth rate. Reduced cycle length. | Dispensable | Essential [65]/dispensable [66] |
REFERENCES | - | [67,68,69,70] | [71,72,73] | [66,74,75] |
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Pereira, P.H.S.; Garcia, C.R.S. Evidence of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in the Parasitic Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum—Sensing the Host Environment and Coupling within Its Molecular Signaling Toolkit. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212381
Pereira PHS, Garcia CRS. Evidence of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in the Parasitic Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum—Sensing the Host Environment and Coupling within Its Molecular Signaling Toolkit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212381
Chicago/Turabian StylePereira, Pedro H. S., and Celia R. S. Garcia. 2021. "Evidence of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in the Parasitic Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum—Sensing the Host Environment and Coupling within Its Molecular Signaling Toolkit" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212381