Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Overview Demonstrates the Relevance of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders
2.2. A Simple Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure ASC Speck in PBMC—A Way Forward to Characterize NLRP3 Activation in Disease
2.3. Assessment of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adolescent Patients with Mood Disorders
2.3.1. Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Untreated PBMC Versus Treated PBMC
2.3.2. Comparison of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Adolescent Mood Disorder Patients over Time
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Overview of Evidence on Peripheral Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
4.2. Development and Validation of a Biological Assay to Detect Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
4.2.1. Cell Culture
4.2.2. Intracellular ASC Speck Formation
4.2.3. Protein Expression of Caspase-1
4.2.4. Protein Expression of IL-1 Beta
4.3. Assessment of Levels of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adolescent Patients with Mood Disorders
4.3.1. Patient Recruitment and Eligibility
4.3.2. Blood Collection and Isolation of Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Number of Patients | Sample | Assays | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy | BD/MDD | Medicated | |||
Alcocer-Gómez et al., (2014) | 20 | 20 | 20 | PBMC, Serum | PCR, ELISA, Western Blot |
Momeni et al., (2016) | 43 | 38 | PBMC | PCR | |
Alcocer-Gómez et al., (2017) | 20 | 20 | 194 | PBMC, Serum | PCR, ELISA |
García-Álvarez et al., (2018) | 80 | 102 | PBMC, Plasma | Western Blot | |
Scaini et al., (2018) | 25 | 31 | PBMC | PCR, Western Blot | |
Taene et al., (2020) | 20 | 20 | 20 | PBMC, Serum | PCR |
Li et al., (2021) | 24 | 24 | Serum | PCR, ELISA |
Reference | NLRP3 | ASC | Caspase-1 | IL-1 beta | IL-18 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mRNA | Protein | mRNA | Protein | mRNA | Protein | mRNA | Protein | mRNA | Protein | |
Alcocer-Gómez et al., (2014) | Increase | Increase | Increase | Increase | Increase | |||||
Momeni et al., (2016) | Increase | |||||||||
Alcocer-Gómez et al., (2017) | Increase * | Increase | Increase | |||||||
García-Álvarez et al., (2018) | Increase | |||||||||
Scaini et al., (2018) | Increase | Increase | Increase | Increase | Increase | |||||
Taene et al., (2020) | Increase | Increase | ||||||||
Li et al., (2021) | Increase | Increase | Increase | Increase | Increase |
Total Mood Disorders | Bipolar Disorders | Depressive Disorders | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 7) | (n = 2) | (n = 5) | ||||
Age, M (SD) | 16.9 (1.68) | 17.5 (0.71) | 16.6 (1.95) | |||
Sex, N (%) | ||||||
Male | 2 (29%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (40%) | |||
Female | 5 (71%) | 2 (100%) | 3 (60%) | |||
Medication, N (%) | ||||||
SSRI | 4 (57%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (80%) | |||
SNRI | 1 (14%) | 1 (50%) | 0 (0%) | |||
None | 2 (29%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (20%) |
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Zhou, X.; Fernando, S.M.; Pan, A.Y.; Laposa, R.; Cullen, K.R.; Klimes-Dougan, B.; Andreazza, A.C. Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212513
Zhou X, Fernando SM, Pan AY, Laposa R, Cullen KR, Klimes-Dougan B, Andreazza AC. Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212513
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Xinyang, Shehan M. Fernando, Alexander Y. Pan, Rebecca Laposa, Kathryn R. Cullen, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan, and Ana C. Andreazza. 2021. "Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212513