Modified Low-Temperature Extraction Method for Isolation of Bletilla striata Polysaccharide as Antioxidant for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of Molecular Structure and Functional Group
2.2. BSP Inhibit Aβ Fibril Formation
2.3. Effects of BSP on Aβ-Induced Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability
2.4. Antioxidant Activity of BSP
2.5. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of BSP
2.6. Morris Water Maze Test
2.7. BSP Treatment Downregulated the BACE1 Treatment
2.8. BSP Treatment Reduced Morphological Changes in the Neurons of the AD Rat Model
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. BSP Extraction and Purification
4.3. The Characterization of Extracted BSP by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
4.4. Preparation of Aβ Fibrils
4.5. Measurements of Thioflavin T Fluorescence
4.6. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4.7. Evaluation of Cell Viability
4.8. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity
4.9. Determination of Cellular ROS Generation
4.10. Gene Expression Analysis
4.11. AlCl3-Induced AD Rat Model to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
4.12. Morris Water Maze Test
4.13. Blood Analysis
4.14. Western Blotting
4.15. Histological Analysis and Immunohistochemical (IHC) Staining
4.16. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Sequence |
---|---|
TNF-α-Forward | 5′-CATCTTCTCAAAATTCGAGTACAA-3′ |
TNF-α-Reverse | 5′-TGGGAGTAGACAAGGTACAACCC-3′ |
IL-6-Forward | 5′-GGAGCCCACCAAGAACGATAGTCA-3′ |
IL-6-Reverse | 5′-GAAGTAGGGAAGGCCGTGGTT-3′ |
IL-10-Forward | 5′-TAAGGCTGGCCACACTTGAG-3′ |
IL-10-Reverse | 5′-GTTTTCAGGGATGAAGCGGC-3′ |
GAPDH-Forward | 5′-TGCTGAGTATGTCGTGGAGTCT-3′ |
GAPDH-Reverse | 5′-AATGGGAGTTGCTGTTGAAGTC-3′ |
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Lin, Y.-W.; Fang, C.-H.; Liang, Y.-J.; Liao, H.-H.; Lin, F.-H. Modified Low-Temperature Extraction Method for Isolation of Bletilla striata Polysaccharide as Antioxidant for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312760
Lin Y-W, Fang C-H, Liang Y-J, Liao H-H, Lin F-H. Modified Low-Temperature Extraction Method for Isolation of Bletilla striata Polysaccharide as Antioxidant for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(23):12760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312760
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Yi-Wen, Chih-Hsiang Fang, Ya-Jyun Liang, Hong-Hsiang Liao, and Feng-Huei Lin. 2021. "Modified Low-Temperature Extraction Method for Isolation of Bletilla striata Polysaccharide as Antioxidant for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23: 12760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312760