Crosstalk between Neuron and Glial Cells in Oxidative Injury and Neuroprotection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Vulnerability of the Brain to Oxidative Stress
3. Astrocytes
3.1. Astrocytes in the Brain
3.2. Astrocytes in Oxidative Injury
3.3. Astrocyte-Medicated Antioxidant Defense
4. Microglia
4.1. Microglia in the Brain
4.2. Microglia in Oxidative Injury
4.3. Microglia-Mediated Antioxidant Defense
5. Neuron–Glia Crosstalk in the Antioxidant Defense Mechanism
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
ApoE | apolipoprotein E |
ARE | antioxidant response element |
ASC | ascorbate |
ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
CNS | central nervous system |
CX3CR1 | fractalkine receptor |
Cys | cysteine |
DAP12 | DNAX activation protein of 12 kDa |
DHA | dehydroascorbic acid |
DMT1 | divalent metal transporter |
DRD2 | dopamine d2 receptor |
EAAT | excitatory amino acid transporter |
FKN | fractalkine |
mFKN | membrane-anchored fractalkine |
sFKN | soluble fractalkine |
GCL | glutamate cysteine ligase |
GDNF | glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor |
GLAST | glutamate aspartate transporter |
Glc | glucose |
Gln | glutamine |
GLT | glutamate transporter |
Glu | glutamate |
GLUT | glucose transporter |
Gly | glycine |
GPx | GSH peroxidases |
GR | GSH reductase |
GS | glutamine synthetase |
GSH | glutathione |
GSSG | GSH disulfide |
HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1 |
IFNγ | interferon-γ |
JAK-STAT3 | janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
Keap1 | kelch-like ech-associated protein |
LRP | lipoprotein receptor-related protein |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
MCT | monocarboxylate transporter |
NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NGF | nerve growth factor |
NLR | leucine-rich-repeat |
NLRP3 | leucine-rich-repeat pyrin domain-containing 3 |
NO | nitric oxide |
NOS | nitric oxide synthase |
NOx | nitrates/nitrites |
NOX | NADPH oxidase |
NQO1 | quinone oxidoreductase 1 |
Nrf2 | nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 |
O2 | oxygen |
PD | parkinson’s disease |
Pry | pyruvate |
RNS | reactive nitrogen species |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
SVTC-2 | sodium-dependent transporter |
tBHQ | tertiary butylhydroquinone |
TLRs | toll-like receptors |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
TRPC | transient receptor potential canonical |
vE | vitamin E |
xCT | cysteine–glutamate exchanger |
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Lee, K.H.; Cha, M.; Lee, B.H. Crosstalk between Neuron and Glial Cells in Oxidative Injury and Neuroprotection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 13315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413315
Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Crosstalk between Neuron and Glial Cells in Oxidative Injury and Neuroprotection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(24):13315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413315
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Kyung Hee, Myeounghoon Cha, and Bae Hwan Lee. 2021. "Crosstalk between Neuron and Glial Cells in Oxidative Injury and Neuroprotection" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24: 13315. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413315