Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension
Abstract
:1. Inflammation and Hypertension
2. Inflammasomes and Pyroptotic Cell Death
3. Novel Roles of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Blood Pressure Regulation
3.1. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Pulmonary Hypertension
3.2. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pre-Eclampsia and Systemic Hypertension
3.3. Renal Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Hypertension
3.4. Vascular Inflammasome and Pyroptosis Activation in Hypertension
3.5. Hypothalamic Activation of the Inflammasome During Hypertension
4. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension: Emerging Pharmacological Approaches
4.1. P2X7 Receptors Antagonism
4.2. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production Inhibitors
4.3. NLRP3 Inhibitors
4.4. NF-κB Inhibitors
4.5. IL-1β Receptor Antagonism
4.6. Gasdermin D Inhibitors
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drug | Mechanism of Action | Effect on Blood Pressure Regulation | Organism | Publications |
---|---|---|---|---|
A-740003 | P2X7 receptor antagonist | Decreases mean RV pressure associated with pulmonary hypertension | Rat | [123] |
PKT100 | P2X7 receptor antagonist | Improves survival in the pulmonary hypertension model | Mouse | [172] |
Anakinra | IL-1 receptor antagonist | Reverses salt-induced hypertension/reduces pulmonary blood pressure | Mouse/human | [172,173,174,175] |
Canakinumab | IL-1β blocker | No effect on blood pressure regulation | Human | [176] |
NSA | Gasdermin inhibitor | No evidence | Human/mouse | [177] |
Disulfiram | Gasdermin inhibitor | No evidence | Human/mouse | [178] |
DMF | Gasdermin inhibitor | No evidence | Mouse | [179] |
Nrf2 activators | Gasdermin inhibitors, antioxidants | Reduces systolic blood pressure | Mouse | [180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190] |
MCC950 | NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor | Reverses salt-induced hypertension/reduces blood pressure | Mouse/rat | [129,130,160,191,192] |
Ellagic acid | Antioxidant | Reduces pulmonary artery hypertension | Rat | [121] |
ELABELA | Antioxidant | Mitigates hypertension | Human renal tubular cells | [193] |
IMD-0354 | NF-κB inhibitor | Reduces RV pressure | Rat | [194] |
PDTC | NF-κB inhibitor | Reverses salt-induced hypertension | Rat | [163] |
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De Miguel, C.; Pelegrín, P.; Baroja-Mazo, A.; Cuevas, S. Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031064
De Miguel C, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A, Cuevas S. Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031064
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Miguel, Carmen, Pablo Pelegrín, Alberto Baroja-Mazo, and Santiago Cuevas. 2021. "Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031064