CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood–Brain Barrier Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Assessing Toxicity of Nanoparticles on hCMEC/D3 Cells
2.2. The Impact of the Nanoparticles on Barrier Phenotype Properties in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
2.3. Changes in Cellular Respiration and Redox Homeostasis Caused by Nanoparticles
2.4. Apoptotic Changes in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells after Exposure to Nanoparticles
2.5. Nanoparticles Cause Changes in Plasma Membrane Asymmetry Related to Apoptosis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Cell Treatment
4.4. Cytotoxicity Assay
4.5. TEER Measurement
4.6. Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR
4.7. Estimation of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (Δψm)
4.8. Determination of Reactive Oxygen Species Production
4.9. Comet Assay
4.10. Annexin V Binding Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviation
BAX | BCL2 Associated X |
BCL2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
DKK1 | Dickkopf-related protein 1 |
DKK3 | Dickkopf-related protein 3 |
DMSO | Dimethyl Sulfoxide |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
HBSS | Hank’s balanced salt solution |
hTERT | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase |
LRP5 | LDL Receptor Related Protein 5 |
LRP6 | LDL Receptor Related Protein 6 |
MEM | Minimum Essential Medium |
PBS | Phosphate buffered saline |
TJP2 | Tight Junction Protein 2 |
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Kania, K.D.; Wagner, W.; Pułaski, Ł. CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood–Brain Barrier Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031068
Kania KD, Wagner W, Pułaski Ł. CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood–Brain Barrier Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031068
Chicago/Turabian StyleKania, Katarzyna Dominika, Waldemar Wagner, and Łukasz Pułaski. 2021. "CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood–Brain Barrier Models" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031068