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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22041704
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Article

Revisiting Steroidogenic Pathways in the Human Placenta and Primary Human Trophoblast Cells

by
Rona Karahoda
1,
Sampada Kallol
2,3,
Michael Groessl
4,
Edgar Ontsouka
2,
Pascale Anderle
5,
Christa Fluck
6,
Frantisek Staud
1,* and
Christiane Albrecht
2,3,*
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
2
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
3
Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
4
Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
5
Sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship and Sitem-Insel AG, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
6
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041704
Submission received: 21 January 2021 / Revised: 3 February 2021 / Accepted: 5 February 2021 / Published: 8 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Vivo Steroid Synthesis and Metabolism in Healthy and Pathological Conditions)
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Abstract

Steroid hormones play a crucial role in supporting a successful pregnancy and ensuring proper fetal development. The placenta is one of the principal tissues in steroid production and metabolism, expressing a vast range of steroidogenic enzymes. Nevertheless, a comprehensive characterization of steroidogenic pathways in the human placenta and potential developmental changes occurring during gestation are poorly understood. Furthermore, the specific contribution of trophoblast cells in steroid release is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to (i) identify gestational age-dependent changes in the gene expression of key steroidogenic enzymes and (ii) explore the role of trophoblast cells in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism. Quantitative and Droplet Digital PCR analysis of 12 selected enzymes was carried out in the first trimester (n = 13) and term (n = 20) human placentas. Primary trophoblast cells (n = 5) isolated from human term placentas and choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (BeWo, BeWo b30 clone, and JEG-3) were further screened for gene expression of enzymes involved in placental synthesis/metabolism of steroids. Finally, de novo steroid synthesis by primary human trophoblasts was evaluated, highlighting the functional activity of steroidogenic enzymes in these cells. Collectively, we provide insights into the expression patterns of steroidogenic enzymes as a function of gestational age and delineate the cellular origin of steroidogenesis in the human placenta.
Keywords: steroidogenesis; steroid metabolism; placenta; gestation; trophoblast steroidogenesis; steroid metabolism; placenta; gestation; trophoblast

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karahoda, R.; Kallol, S.; Groessl, M.; Ontsouka, E.; Anderle, P.; Fluck, C.; Staud, F.; Albrecht, C. Revisiting Steroidogenic Pathways in the Human Placenta and Primary Human Trophoblast Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041704

AMA Style

Karahoda R, Kallol S, Groessl M, Ontsouka E, Anderle P, Fluck C, Staud F, Albrecht C. Revisiting Steroidogenic Pathways in the Human Placenta and Primary Human Trophoblast Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041704

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karahoda, Rona, Sampada Kallol, Michael Groessl, Edgar Ontsouka, Pascale Anderle, Christa Fluck, Frantisek Staud, and Christiane Albrecht. 2021. "Revisiting Steroidogenic Pathways in the Human Placenta and Primary Human Trophoblast Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041704

APA Style

Karahoda, R., Kallol, S., Groessl, M., Ontsouka, E., Anderle, P., Fluck, C., Staud, F., & Albrecht, C. (2021). Revisiting Steroidogenic Pathways in the Human Placenta and Primary Human Trophoblast Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041704

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