Generation of Liposomes to Study the Effect of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipids on HIV-1 cis- and trans-Infections
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Production of Liposomes Containing Mycobacterium Total Lipids
2.2. Mycobacterium Lipids Do Not Affect HIV-1 Cis-Infection
2.3. M. bovis, Mtb H37Rv and EU127 Lipids Interfere with HIV-1 Trans-Infection Mediated by DC-SIGN
2.4. Implication of SL1, PDIM and TDM Lipids in HIV-1 Trans-Infection Mediated by DC-SIGN
2.5. Differential Effects of Mtb Glycolipids on HIV-1 Trans-Infection Mediated via iDC and mDC
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Commercial Lipids
4.2. M. Tuberculosis Strains and H37Rv Mutants
4.3. Lipids Extractions
4.4. Liposomes
4.5. Liposomes Characterisation
4.6. Cells
4.7. Cell Viability in the Presence of Liposomes
4.8. Virus Production
4.9. HIV-1 Cis-Infection
4.10. HIV-1 Trans-Infection
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AG | Arabinogalactan |
BCG | Bacille Calmette Guerin |
CCR5 | CC chemokine receptor 5 |
Ch | Cholesterol |
CXCR4 | CXC chemokine receptor 4 |
DC | Dendritic cell |
DC-SIGN | Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin |
HIV-1 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 |
iDC | Immature dendritic cell |
LAM | lipoarabinomannan |
LM | lipomannan |
LTR | Long Terminal Repeat |
MA | Mycolic acids |
Mincle | macrophage-inducible C-type lectin |
mDC | Mature dendritic cell |
MR | Mannose receptor |
Mtb | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
PAMPs | Pathogen associated molecular patterns |
papA1 | Polyketide associated-protein-1 |
PC | Phosphatidylcholine |
PDIM | Phthiocerol dimycocerosate |
PG | Peptidoglycan |
PGL | Phenolic glycolipids |
PIM | Phosphatidylinositol mannoside |
PRR | Pattern recognition receptors |
SL | Sulfolipid |
TB | Tuberculosis |
TDM | Trehalose dimycolate |
TLC | Thin-layer chromatography |
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Pouget, M.; Coussens, A.K.; Ruggiero, A.; Koch, A.; Thomas, J.; Besra, G.S.; Wilkinson, R.J.; Bhatt, A.; Pollakis, G.; Paxton, W.A. Generation of Liposomes to Study the Effect of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipids on HIV-1 cis- and trans-Infections. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041945
Pouget M, Coussens AK, Ruggiero A, Koch A, Thomas J, Besra GS, Wilkinson RJ, Bhatt A, Pollakis G, Paxton WA. Generation of Liposomes to Study the Effect of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipids on HIV-1 cis- and trans-Infections. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041945
Chicago/Turabian StylePouget, Marion, Anna K. Coussens, Alessandra Ruggiero, Anastasia Koch, Jordan Thomas, Gurdyal S. Besra, Robert J. Wilkinson, Apoorva Bhatt, Georgios Pollakis, and William A. Paxton. 2021. "Generation of Liposomes to Study the Effect of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipids on HIV-1 cis- and trans-Infections" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041945