Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice Are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-β
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D on Photoprotection against CPDs in Female and Male Skh:hr1 Mice
2.2. Effect of ER Blockade on 1,25(OH)2D Photoprotection against CPDs in Female
Skh:hr1 Mice
2.3. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D on SSUV-Induced CPDs in ER-β−/−Mice
2.4. Effect of SSUV on Sunburn Cells in Female and Male Skh:hr1 Mice
2.5. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D on SSUV-Induced Inflammatory Edema in Female and Male Skh:hr1 Mice
2.6. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D Alone on Basal CHS in Male and Female Skh:hr1 Mice
2.7. Effect of 1,25(OH)2D on Photoimmune Suppression in Female and Male Skh:hr1 Mice
2.8. Effect of ER-β Signalling Blockade on Photoimmune Protection by 1,25(OH)2D in Female Skh:hr1 Mice
2.9. Effect of Genetic Deletion of ER-β on Photoimmune Protection by 1,25(OH)2D
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mice
4.2. UV Irradiation
4.3. Immunohistochemical Detection of CPDs and Image Analysis
4.4. Sunburn Cells
4.5. The Inflammatory Edema Response
4.6. Induction of Contact Hypersensitivity (CHS)
4.7. Topical Treatments
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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[1,25(OH)2D Dose] pmol/cm2 | Protection % | Protection % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A | Female Skh:hr1 Mice | versus | Male Skh:hr1 Mice | |
0 (vehicle) | 100 ± 13.2 | 198.1± 22.6 | ||
4.6 | 23.6± 5.1 | 77 ** | 126.4 ± 0.9 | 36 ** |
23 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 95 | 39.7 ± 5.7 | 80 |
46 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 99 | 12.3 ± 4.0 | 94 |
B | Female Skh:hr1 Mice —ICI 182,780 versus | +ICI 182,780 | ||
0 (vehicle) | 100 ± 20.0 | 90.0 ± 5.0 | ||
4.6 | 18.5 ± 0.4 | 81 | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 73 |
23 | 16.3 ± 1.5 | 84 | 23.5 ± 2.0 | 74 |
46 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 94 | 23.5 ± 3.0 | 74 |
C | Female C57BL/6 Mice | versus | Female ERβ−/−Mice | |
0 (vehicle) | 100 ± 8.6 | 125.7 ± 14.3 | ||
23 | 34.3 ± 2.9 | 66 * | 68.6 ± 8.6 | 45 * |
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Tongkao-on, W.; Yang, C.; McCarthy, B.Y.; De Silva, W.G.M.; Rybchyn, M.S.; Gordon-Thomson, C.; Dixon, K.M.; Halliday, G.M.; Reeve, V.E.; Mason, R.S. Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice Are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-β. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041962
Tongkao-on W, Yang C, McCarthy BY, De Silva WGM, Rybchyn MS, Gordon-Thomson C, Dixon KM, Halliday GM, Reeve VE, Mason RS. Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice Are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-β. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041962
Chicago/Turabian StyleTongkao-on, Wannit, Chen Yang, Bianca Y. McCarthy, Warusavithana G. Manori De Silva, Mark S. Rybchyn, Clare Gordon-Thomson, Katie M. Dixon, Gary M. Halliday, Vivienne E. Reeve, and Rebecca S. Mason. 2021. "Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice Are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-β" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041962